In The Hospitality Industry Tourism Essay

In The Hospitality Industry Tourism Essay The cordiality business is one of the fundamental enterprises in this world and this is the connection among visitor and host. Cordiality likewise includes demonstrating regard for their visitor, treat them equivalent and giving what they need when they are in the inn or mentioning on a thing, for example, need a traveler to bring circumvent the town, need transportation and other. The cordiality business fundamentally gives housing or convenience to individuals who travel and needs cover for the afternoon. Today, the neighborliness business is giving more decisions to its buyers all around the globe from inns, resorts, motels, inns and some more. Accommodation industry is one of the businesses that offer support so it is essentially centered around consumer loyalty since client who is the primary major to pay us. In various sort of lodging will get an alternate kind of administration since it is rely upon how the inn working. In the event that the inn has a decent encounter to the c lient this will influence client dependability and client will come back once more. Notwithstanding that, it likewise will expand the fruitful of the organization in neighborliness industry. Other that this, lodging industry likewise will give office to client. The greater part of the business clients are need a bed and food, this are sufficient for them however a portion of the client are demand for utilizing our office. We can acquaint our office with the client or possibly we can limit for them to energize them have an attempt. In this manner, inn will have a decent encounter for the client and furthermore can acquire benefit. 2.0 Answer Question 2 In neighborliness industry, there have 5 sort of administration trademark. There are immaterial, short-lived, indivisible, concurrent and variable. Without this 5 kind of administration trademark, lodging probably won't have the option to work well. 2.1 Intangible help Impalpable which means is can't be seen or contacted however we can feel it. Correspondence is what we can feel. We can feel the representative either inviting us or not by speak with us. The correspondence between the workers and visitor is significant it is on the grounds that the visitor can feel the representatives are helping by willing or just answer the inquiry. A portion of the workers are not utilizing a neighborly correspondence and speak with us while we posing inquiry or solicitation a thing from them. For client as well as, we have to inviting to correspondence with them and can participate well to process the lodging. Other than correspondence, grin additionally is a thing that we can feel by giving of them. For instance, as in a café the pleasantness of a workers giving a grin to the visitor is implies inviting and ready to serve them, by along these lines the visitor can feel fulfilled yet this cannot be see and contacted. 2.1 Perishable help Transient which means is wont be last more and wont encounter a similar encounter. In numerous things, we will have the principal attempt and if the thing isn't acceptable we wont attempt any longer. Same as we in the inn, if the inns we stay are not fulfillment we simply will attempt once and next time we will realize which type lodging we ought to pick and will do an appropriate research about inn that we remain to ensured it wont be same as last time. Other than this, in the event that we late to check in and without paying store or have any illuminate to the inn they have option to drop saved the space for visitor and the visitor need to re-book the room if the inn have room still accessible. In addition, for transportation they likewise will have a similar encounter. For transport or plane, they wont hang tight for late traveler. In the event that they are late they have to purchase or book a ticket for next time and excursion of them likewise will be delay. For next time, they will know be reliable and arrive at the bus station or air terminal so as to keep away from they missed once more. 2.2 Inseparable help Indistinguishable which means administration and client and specialist co-op cant be isolated. Visitor is the principle major regardless of in which region. It sure will have its own provider to give the thing. Provider is essential to cordiality in view of they need a major measure of amount of food and drink. They sure will have diverse kind of provider to flexibly the food and drink to ensure they have enough gracefully for visitor since inn is the spots that consistently have numerous visitor and workers stroll in and out. Other than need to flexibly nourishment for lodging, they likewise need other provider to gracefully their essential required, for example, toothpaste, cleanser and other. Moreover, specialist co-op is vital for administration conveyance as he should speedily create and render the support of the mentioning administration shopper since client pay and get a help from them. Likewise, the administration customer is indivisible from administration conveyance since h e is engaged with it from mentioning it up to devouring the rendered benefits. 2.3 Simultaneous assistance Synchronous which means administration must be conveyed simultaneously as the client devoured. It isn't merchandise which might be the made, distributer, or kept to circulations. For instance in a café, the specialist co-op which implies the server or server are doing the administration simultaneously when the client demand (conveyance) something or requesting food then the specialist co-op conveyed the administration promptly simultaneously. For example, if the client needs to bil, the specialist organization need to bring the bill for the client. 2.4 Variable assistance Variable of administration offered and can be in numerous structures during the association or the procedure. Administrations are exceptionally factor, as they rely upon the specialist co-op, and where and when they are given. Administration advertisers face an issue in normalizing their administration, as it changes with experienced hand, client, time and firm. Administration purchasers know about this inconstancy. In this way, the administration firms should put forth an attempt to convey high and reliable quality in their administration. For instance, in the event that one day eating in an eatery, the food and administration was generally excellent however the following day the administrations become terrible. 3.0 Conclusion All in all, Those 5 qualities can't separate with visitor and furthermore provider. Since they are the principle major for us and they additionally required the essential thing in day by day life. Particularly is impalpable on the grounds that it was incorporated correspondence among worker and visitor. Correspondence is significant in light of the fact that in neighborliness industry, we will consistently confronted client to talk and clarify what they inquiring. Notwithstanding that, this likewise is the initial introduction to visitor when visitor entering inn. Other than that, transient assistance and synchronization administration in friendliness industry, if the housing property we remain first time and the administration is acceptable yet whenever the administration has turns out to be awful which implies the main experience we can't encounter once more. Hence, in cordiality industry the administration must be steady and keep up. Not just that, indistinguishable help and incon stancy administration in accommodation industry is that the administrations gave can't be isolated. Ultimately, the changeability administration is to normalize and to steady the administration that in a housing property. Subsequently, this five trademark must be concerned and followed in any help line industry particularly accommodation industry. 1.0 Introduction Question 2 In cordiality industry, there are numerous sorts of housing in this industry, for example, lodging, resorts, hotel and others. Lodgings are separated to two kinds one is recreation inn and one is business. For resort and hotel are for the most part are by the ocean side yet resort have more offices and enhancements while motel dont have so much help. To deal with this sort of housing property isn't a simple assignment as you may appear, it has a ton of difficult work to be done and abilities to be understanding. A hotelier ought to have loaded with lodging activity aptitudes so they can deal with the inn regardless of little inn or enormous inn. The mindful of a hotelier, ought to be dominate and supervisor the inn well. Hotelier likewise ought to consistently plan be settle the issue that crisis that occur inside the inn and furthermore have the information to settle the issue even additionally is client issue. Other than that, inward of an association, hoteliers additionally must h ave the option to deal with the inner issue, for example, the workers issues. On the off chance that the hotelier dont not ready to deal with well the issues between representatives yet in addition with the individual accountable for the group there will be a great deal of issue and they can't to be co-work well and the inn likewise can't be process well. Other than that, in a lodging ought to have a framework with the goal that hotelier can carry out their responsibility all the more effectively, for example, arranging the work. They can know every division how they handling their activity and wont have contention when have issue occurred. 2.0 Answer Question 2 To be readied be a hotelier, there have numerous thing hotelier need to know and handle. For example, the inn will require what number of representatives to work, how the lodging framework going on, is the inn gain benefit, etc. Other than this, in neighborliness administration workers is significant for the lodging on the grounds that without them inn may can't run easily. In this manner, a hotelier ought to have a few abilities to deal with the issue that connection with inn, for example, tolerance, the board understanding, obligation, relational abilities and information on other than inn the executives. Beneath have the clarification of the abilities that I have referenced. 2.1 Patience As a hotelier, tolerance is significant. It is on the grounds that as a hotelier will confronted various kind of visitor. Probably the visitor will continue posing numerous inquiries about the inn and they should address the inquiry. Consistently have distinctive visitor posing the inquiries about the lodging yet is similar individuals to answer the visitor. After step by step, some of them may feel restlessness and exhausting to respond to the inquiry. Other than this, probably the visitor will submit a question about the room, not happy with the administration, and different as a hotelier they

Putin and Russia's Security Services Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Putin and Russia's Security Services - Essay Example His strategic to recapture the lost security quality that had been lost during the Yeltsin system. This is on condition that the world military association is building up a reality that any nation must watch. The facts demonstrate that the Russian security framework has been coursing around the KGB. Furthermore, the United States of America have been the best danger to Russian security. Consequently, Russia has contributed intensely on operators whose work is to see the exercises of the U.S.A2. For instance, two previous Soviet specialists were captured in U.S.A by the FBI on thirteenth October, 1998 and were charged of offering military mysteries to the capital of Russia, Moscow. On thirteenth June, 2000, a resigned Russian Army Colonel was captured based on traveling data from USA to Russia in the time of cold war. Another Russian insightful Stanislav Gusev was captured by the FBI for recording transmissions from a bug embedded in a state gathering

How To Shut Down A Failing Product

How To Shut Down A Failing Product Here is one of the harsh realities of being in the business of manufacturing and selling products: at one point or another, sooner or later, they will fail. Customers will no longer be interested in them, and thus stop buying them. No matter how profitable they have been at one point, the novelty will wear out eventually, and the business will have no other choice but to bid farewell to it. © Shutterstock.com | jannoon028In this article, we shed the light on 1) the reasons for shutting down a failing product, 2) steps in closing down a product, and 3) saying goodbye: doing it right.REASONS FOR A PRODUCT SHUTDOWNOnce a product is failing to make a profit, it’s time to shut it down. It sounds simple enough, but that is not all there is to it. At which point should a business stop the manufacturing of a product or initiate the shutdown of an entire product line?When continuing its production and distribution has become a financial burden to the company. A simple cost-benefit analysis will easily answer the question on whether it is a burden financially or not. If it is revealed that the cost of production â€" from the raw materials, labor, overhead, to the selling and distribution costs â€" far exceed the selling price, and the company is actually incurring a loss on every unit produced, then it is time to say goodbye to it.When the company is having trouble finding the resources to continue making and selling the product. Is it becoming difficult to source out the materials? Is the business short-staffed and constantly looking for people for the operations pertaining to the product? If that’s the case, it is time to shut it down.When the company can no longer keep up the technical developments of the product to keep it competitive. One of the reasons why products go out of the market so fast is because new products are cropping up to take their place, offering more, bigger and better features. If the business finds that it can no longer fund the development â€" or redevelopment, as the case may be â€" of the product, then they should give up and look for other ideas instead.When producing that one product is adversely affecting the production of the other products of the business. It is possible that continuing producing the product is taking away vital resources that are used by the other products being manufactured by the business. In these i nstances, it would be a better idea to let go of the problematic area (products) and concentrate on the ones that are actually still working and making money.There are two general ways being followed by business when shutting down a product: by letting it run without providing support and further development to it until such time that it runs its course and “fades away”; and instituting a proper step-by-step closure procedure.The first option seems like the easier way, since it requires less work. However, when you think about the relationship that the business has established with its customers through the product, it does not bode well for the company’s customer service.Keep in mind that, for a period of time, your customers had developed a connection or even an attachment to your products. Therefore, letting it go just like that, by washing your hands clean and free of any involvement with it, is a disservice not only to your loyal customers, but to the brand and reputation that you have already established. You owe it to your users, at least, to give them proper closure, and that is through shutting down the failing product properly.STEPS IN CLOSING DOWN A PRODUCTShutting down a product is not done in one shot. It takes a certain degree of planning, and then it must be executed properly.But first, let us look into the question on the duration. How long should the closure process be? Ideally, the earlier, the better. If you have decided to eventually shut down a failing product, you should immediately start the process of closing it down. The planning stage along could take as long as 6 months but you should not go lower than 1 month, at the very least. This is so you can execute the steps properly, and with no rushing or becoming pressured on your side.There are two stages in closing down a failing product: the planning and the actual closure.The Planning StageIn all processes or activities, one of the most important stages happens at the beginning, during the planning. This is where you will map out all the steps that you will undertake, all the resources you will need, and how they will be put to use, and even the people involved. This is also the stage where you will be able to come up with alternative steps, should the original plan become derailed along the way, due to unforeseen circumstances.The planning stage should normally take at least 1 month and at most 6 months before the target date of closure of the product.1. Inform users The very first thing that you should do is to inform your users or your customers that you will be closing down the product. This is so you can give them advance warning and allowing them time to come to grips with the announcement. This will also give them plenty of time to make appropriate adjustments on their end, if necessary.For example, let us say that a business decides to stop manufacturing a specific kitchen utensil. It should inform its customers â€" which are mainly restaurants, hot els and coffee shops â€" early on so the latter can make new arrangements, such as find new manufacturers and suppliers of similar utensils.In a similar example, a company offering web hosting services is planning to stop offering this service in the future. Two to three months prior to the target date of closure, it informed its registered users about it so they would not be shocked or taken by surprise as much as when they are informed about it, say, two to three weeks before the closure.2. Help out your usersThis is closely related to the first step. Aside from merely informing them of the upcoming closure, you should also help them out. Ease their way, so to speak. This will effectively let you close down your product without parting with your customers on a bad note. That way, they will remain to have a good impression of you as a company and, in the future, are more likely to be willing to do business with you again.Put yourself in your customers’ shoes. What help do you req uire when you suddenly find out that the product you have been relying on for a long time will no longer be available sometime in the future? One of the things you can do is to make recommendations. For example, let them know about another company or business that makes a similar kitchen utensil. Let them know of any alternative product that they might be interested to look into. Not only will this earn you the appreciation of your customers, but it will also put you in a good light within the industry.This is also a sign of good customer service and support provided by your company, and we all know that customer service is part of the overall experience that all users are looking for when conducting a transaction with any company or business.3. Stop the creation of new users or customersUnderstand that there are bound to be several users who would not have received the information about your upcoming closure of the product. Do not assume that one or two announcements will inform †œeveryone”. There are bound to be several new users looking for the product that you are offering and, incidentally, planning to shut down.In the example shown above, once the web company announced it is shutting down its hosting services, its next move was to disable the utility in their website where new users can register and create an account with them. In the case of the kitchen utensil manufacturer, they should also stop entertaining new customers looking for new suppliers, and even stop receiving orders altogether.In a similar vein, you may also use your usual customer support and service channels to disseminate information and stopping the creation of new users. For instance, when new users contact your business or visit your online page, they are bound to have questions about your products. In the normal course of things, you would have answered their queries. However, this time around, you will be telling them about the closure and what it entails.4. Put a halt to the ma rketing of your failing product If you have a long-running marketing strategy or advertising campaign pertaining to the product you are intending to shut down. This is one effective way to stop attracting new customers.You can kill two birds with one stone when you spin your marketing into an announcement. For example, in the webhosting company’s website, the page where they usually placed ads for their hosting service, urging users to register or upgrade their subscription, will be transformed into a page announcing the upcoming closure. You will be informing users in no uncertain terms that the service will be discontinued and will no longer be offered, and you will also stop your marketing efforts.If the marketing strategy involves having sales representatives going from house to house to personally advertise your product, have them stop their rounds. If you availed the services of an automated email marketing service provider, you should also properly and duly terminate your c ontract with them, so they will not be sending emails to potential users.5. Providing reiterationsConsider the announcement as your initial information dissemination campaign. But that alone should not be enough. You also have to provide reminders â€" closer to the date, and even final reminders one or two days before the actual date of closure. At the risk of sounding repetitive or even nagging, this is to ensure that everyone will be truly aware that you are shutting down the product.As you get closer to the target date of closure, there is a need to reiterate the fact to users. This is because, with the passage of time, the fact about the shutdown may have slipped their minds and they would not have had the opportunity to take proper action, if necessary.Businesses with strong online presence do this by sending reminder e-mails. Making phone calls, especially to major customers, is also done by some businesses. When sending reminders, do it at least one or two weeks before the cl osure date, so as to prevent them from panicking due to its last minute nature.Final reminders, on the other hand, are sent one (or two, in some cases) day prior to the closure of the product.The Closure StageThis is where you will finally make your goodbyes to your failing product. The target date of closure has finally arrived. The product has been discontinued; it is no longer being produced or manufactured, and it will no longer be offered to users or customers. What’s next?1. Clear all your financial issuesThis is where you have to clear all liabilities or accountabilities that you have related to the product. Do you, somehow, owe money to your users? How will you settle them?For example, in the webhosting business, there is a chance that some subscribers may be demanding refunds of payment of hosting services that they have paid in advance. Will you refund their money outright? Or will you offer the application of their payments to other services instead? Perhaps you are off ering other hosting packages, then you could probably see if the users you owe money to would be willing to switch to the other packages (in the event that they did not do so already during the planning stage).Settle all outstanding financial obligations that you have in an appropriate manner to avoid conflicts in the future.2. Clear all contact information pertaining to the productOne common error by companies that have closed down a product is failing to sever all ties relating to them. This is mostly seen in online or internet-based companies. They have already closed the product, but there are still vestiges of the product online, such as URLs or links to the product, and even email addresses where new users will still be able to send messages to regarding the closed product.Make arrangements for any redirects, or devise a way so that all emails sent to the address will receive automated replies that the product no longer exists. The same is true for other accounts that are dire ctly related to your product, such as Facebook, Twitter and other social media accounts. It does not make sense to maintain product pages on these platforms when the product is no longer available.SAYING GOODBYE: DOING IT RIGHTAs some songs say, “there is no easy way to say goodbye”, but you can make the process easier and smoother for all parties concerned. Here are some helpful tips to facilitate the shutdown.1.  Craft your message clearly, completely.Whether you are delivering your message via email, letter, or even a phone call, you have to make sure that you are communicating the closure in a way that your recipients will understand. Be honest and frank; do not make things up.What should your message contain?Let them know about the current status on the closing. How far along are you on the plans of closing the product?Explain clearly the seasons for the shutdown, so they will be able to understand why you have to close the product.Let them know that you are fully aware of the impact of closing the product on them as users. This will make you seem less uncaring about how the shutdown will affect them negatively.You should also give them more than a glimpse on how the shutdown will impact or affect the business. Remind them that they are not the only ones losing a product they have relied on for a long time, but that you, the business, will also be losing a product that you have been manufacturing and selling to them for the same length of time.Thank them for sticking with your product for as long as they have. In doing so, they have also stuck with your business and supported you, even in the smallest possible way. Show your gratitude and, often, the best way to do that is by expressing it in words. “Thank you” is already a powerful phrase by itself and conveys much of what you are feeling towards the users.2. Do not stick to just one channel of communicating with your users. Some stop at just sending emails. Keep in mind that not everyone reads t heir emails and, even if they do, there are high chances of your email ending up in their spam folder or the promotions tab that hardly gets any attention. If possible, make the announcement on a public platform, say, on print or on your business and product pages’ social media accounts. Put it on your home page. Make calls. Write formal letters. Choose two or three methods, but do not just stick to a single one.3. In all your dealings with the users, show a reasonable degree of courtesy. Be polite, from the time you have made the announcement, to the final reminder, and even when dealing with users even after the closure. Demonstrate class when dealing with them. There are bound to be complaints and whining, and even downright rude users. Even so, be gracious. Understand that they are losing something, just as you are, and so they cannot help but be displeased by the whole thing.

Abortion The Impact of Federalism and the Separation of...

Otto von Bismarck once said, â€Å"Laws are like sausages, it is better not to see them being made.† The arduous process that a bill undergoes in order to become a law may seem grueling and pointless; however, the processes high caliber of difficulty allows for the extreme prestige and exclusivity of bills that are passed. Because the process is so exhausting, and filibusters, subsequently requiring a super-majority vote to pass a bill, have always been such a threat in Congress, historically, bills that attempt to reform sensitive issues have not fared well in the legislative branch. However, when Congress does pass controversial laws, it then also faces the task of effectively enforcing them. But, when the process is carried out to†¦show more content†¦Pro-life advocates also may argue that using tax payer money to fund something that they and so many others are so opposed to is wrong, that young women are not ready to make such a decision, and, finally, that abort ions may even cause mental and emotional harm. However, these opinions are not accepted by abortion activists. Pro-choice groups, for example, support a woman’s right to choose whether or not to have an abortion. They believe that a fetus is incapable of life during the first trimester when many abortions take place, so, in their opinion’s, it is not murder. They use statistics such as the fact that 88% of women who have abortions get them in their first trimester (Lowen, n.d.), only 8% of women who get abortions do not regularly use contraceptives (Lowen, n.d.), and that there is less than a .5% chance of serious complications occurring during or because of an abortion procedure (Lowen, n.d.). They argue that often times a woman is too scared to speak up or does not know that she even is pregnant after a rape, so abortion may be her last resort. They advocate a woman’s rights to her own body, and use the fact that tax dollars are also used to fund wars, and people oppose those as well, to rebut the argument that tax payer’s money should not be spent on supporting such a sensitive issue. And, tax dollars are necessary in order to make abortion procedures affordable for women who otherwiseShow MoreRelatedFederalism Vs. Judicial Review899 Words   |  4 PagesWhen one thinks of individual rights, federalism is not one of the first thoughts that come to mind. In fact federalism played a huge role in the start of individual rights. Along with federalism, judicial review was one of the initial startups of individual rights with Supreme Court cases that will be later mentioned. Federalism and judicial review paved the way for the start up and stability of individual rights. 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The strength of Trudeau’s personality and his determination to transform Canada lead him to defend a ‘rational messianism† founded on the idea that Canada had the moral responsibility to defeat Quebec nationalismRead MoreIss 225 John Molloy Final Exam Study Guide Fall Semester 20128139 Words   |  33 Pages`ISS 225: POWER, AUTHORITY EXCHANGE Study Guide, Final Exam, Fall 2012 Unit IV: Courts and Civil Liberties Professor Molloy The final exam will be given in the regular classroom 109 South Kedzie Hall Section 001 will take its final on Monday, Dec. 10 from 7:45-9:45 a.m. Section 002 will take its test on Monday, Dec. 10 from 12:45 - 2:45 p.m. The classroom is not large enough to accommodate two large sections, so you must take the exam when it is scheduled by the university

Heart Disease And Myocardial Infarction - 2338 Words

According to the American Heart Association, heart disease is the number one cause of death in women, yet most women are not aware of their own risk. In the past, heart disease and myocardial infarction (MI) has been associated with men, which has lead to a misunderstanding within the public that women are not at risk. This has further lead to an oversimplified description of symptoms associated with men, which has been detrimental to women (American Heart Association). Davis et al. (2013) noted in her study that approximately every 34 seconds in the United States someone suffers an acute coronary event, and half of these are resulting in death. She describes that women are found to delay pre-hospital treatment longer than men, which is one of the most reliable indicators for MI complications at the hospital, not limited to recurrent ischemia, re-infarction, ventricular arrhythmias, and cardiac death. Women who had both non-modifiable and modifiable risk factors such as age, ethnicit y, high cholesterol, hypertension, low socioeconomic status, and lower educational levels were found to delay hospital treatment with acute coronary syndromes even longer than those without these risk factors (Davis, Mishel, Moser, Esposito, Lynn, Schwartz, 2013). Kalman et al. (2012) states that â€Å"Cardiovascular disease research until the late 1980’s sampled predominately men so the picture of normal cardiac symptoms is skewed toward a male diagnostic picture. Women, with a different set ofShow MoreRelatedWomen and Heart Disease: Myocardial Infarction in Women1916 Words   |  8 PagesWomen and Heart Disease [Name] [Course Title] [University] [Instructor Name] [Date] Abstract Heart diseases have always been the most life threatening disease to human life. This research paper focuses on one of such heart diseases, the Myocardial Infarction, in women. 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Feasibility Study Free Essays

Introduction: A  feasibility study  is an evaluation and analysis of the potential of the proposed project which is based on extensive investigation and research to give full comfort to the decisions makers. A feasibility study is essentially a process for determining the viability of a proposed initiative or service and providing a framework and direction for its development and delivery. It is a process for making sound decisions and setting direction. We will write a custom essay sample on Feasibility Study or any similar topic only for you Order Now It is also a process which: * is driven by research and analysis * usually involves some form of consultation with stakeholders, community, users, etc. focuses on analyzing, clarifying and resolving key issues and areas of concern or uncertainty * very often involves basic modeling and testing of alternative concepts and approaches There is no universal format for a feasibility study. Feasibility studies can be adapted and shaped to meet the specific needs of any given situation. Definition: By Lahle Wolfe: â€Å"A feasibility study looks at the viability of an idea with an emphasis on identifying potential problems and attempts to answer one main question: Will the idea work and should you proceed with it? â€Å"Feasibility Study  is basically a  study that  is done to judge the  viability  of a new business venture. It is actually a preliminary analysis of a project that lets the people know that whether to proceed with a project or not. † Who undertakes such stu dies? * Project Manager:  The Project Manager will take the lead in conducting the Feasibility Study, organizing the site visit and completing the Feasibility Study Report. * Feasibility Study Team:  The Project Manager will form a Feasibility Study team to: * provide the required skills and knowledge (i. e. nowledge of the technical details of the project, familiarity with the local environment, an understanding of the local community and culture) and, * take part in the site visit. * Stakeholders:  Stakeholder consultation will continue to play a major part of the project, particularly during the site visit. Engage closely with the local communities as they will be an invaluable source of information for the Feasibility Study. * Independent Technical Advisor:  An independent technical advisor will be used to provide technical advice and to review the Feasibility Study Report. Features of feasibility study: * Very articulate * High Systematic * Focused * Strategic in nature * Cost effective * Value Adding * Organized * Flexible Objective of feasibility study: * To know the viability of the Project. * To evaluate the profitability of a new business. * To evaluate the benefits to be gained in the expansion of a business. * To evaluate the financial impact for changes in business location. * To evaluate the benefit from new methods of production, technology or machinery. * To evaluate changes in an organization To evaluate benefits from business merger or business acquisition * To know the market trends. * To reduce the cost of project. * To test the profitability of the project. * To identify the likelihood of one or more solutions meeting the stated business requirements. * To find the outcome of the feasibility study is a confirmed solution for implementation. When is Feasibility Study needed? The following are more specific circumstances that may prompt t he need for a feasibility study: * Significant capital investment is required Significant City funding or public fund raising is required * Significant commitment or exclusivity of City land or building floor space and time is required. * There is no clear champion * Financial viability is in question (costs compared with anticipated revenues) * Community needs require further analysis and validation * There is potential to reach a large market segment or affect a large number of people * Accessibility to the service is an issue (pricing barriers, physical barriers, discriminative social barriers, proximity, geographic equity, etc. * There is a perception of competition with existing service providers (commercial or community based) and the city’s mandate or role may be questioned * There is no clear indication of the preferred method or source of delivery. * Public safety is concerned * There are significant legislative requirements (health, safety, liability, certification requirements) related to the initiative which concern, impact and relate to the city * There is significant risk inherent in the service initiative (financial, political, public liability, social, etc) * The initiative entails significant operating requirements (ie. Financial, administrative, staffing, materials and supplies, skill development, customer service, training/development, etc. ) Contents of a Feasibility Study: The following summarizes typical contents of a feasibility study. The level of detail, analysis and involvement may vary depending on the nature and scale of the proposed initiative. 1. Service Concept: * Description * Origin * Conformance with City policies, goals and directions. 2. Community Benefits/ Outcomes Assessment: * Personal Health – physical development, skills development, mental health reduces the risk of heart disease, stroke, combats osteoporosis, etc. Build strong families and healthy communities – ethnic and cultural harmony, community pride and identity, community participation, community heritage. * Ecological Survival – environmental health, protect public open spaces, natural features, ecological functions, wildlife habitat, awareness and respect of environment. * Economic Generator â €“ business development, productive workforce, reduce taxes, tourism. * Human Development – development of children youth’s full potential, lifelong learning. * Quality of Life – build self-esteem and positive self image, enhance life satisfaction, etc. Reduces self-destructive and anti-social behavior – crime, racism, isolation, alienation, etc. * Reduces health care, social services and police/justice costs – foster care, incarceration costs, etc. 3. Community Needs Assessment and Market Analysis: * Target markets/profiles (geographic/ demographic) * Needs assessment (i. e. product or type of service) * Market supply and competition * Market share goals (production or service volume goals) * Trends analysis- socio-economic, demographic, environmental, recreational, etc. Short term fad or long term need? Market growth potential * Impacts to current markets. 4. Service Concept Development: * Content * Format * Provision Levels * Criteria/Stand ards (i. e. quality, accessibility, safety, customer service) 5. Resource Requirements: * Capital- land, structure, space, furnishings, fixtures, equipment, computers, technological systems * Facility provision options (rental/lease, renovations, re-using/re-adapting existing facilities, joint venture, new development) * Operating- staff (administrative, instructional, supervisory/management), utilities, materials, supplies, etc. . Service Delivery/ Management Options Review service delivery options in light of the following criteria: * Cost efficiencies * Accessibility * Affordability * Leadership capacity and commitment * Public interest * Liability-regulatory considerations * Service quality and customer responsiveness * Resource/financing capacity * Service integration and continuity * City role, financial impacts, impacts to other programs, services, facilities. 7. Financial Assessment of Preferred Options * Capital expenditure projections Operating cost projections * Capital a nd operating financing strategies pricing, subsidy, grants, sponsorships, fund raising, etc. 8. Recommendations * Preferred service delivery approach * City role and impacts (i. e. financial, resources) * Implementation strategy Briefing of Feasibility Study Content: A feasibility study will: * Verify community needs for a proposed leisure service * Assess the benefits and overall value of a proposed service to the community * Assess market conditions and trends * Articulate a service concept (i. e. Format, content, theme, objectives/outcomes) * Determine required resources (capital and operating) * Determine costs and financing strategies (i. e. Financial analysis) * Review service delivery options and recommend the most effective delivery strategy. * Determine the city’s role and impacts (financial, resources) in the delivery of the service * Produce an implementation strategy for the development and delivery of the new service Feasibility Study Process: The following summarizes a typical feasibility study process for a community leisure service: Phase 1 Project Development: Identify stakeholders, develop a steering committee, produce a terms of reference, call RFP and retain consultant if necessary, consulting services agreement, refine process timelines and milestones, develop task teams, clarify roles and responsibilities, communications plan, etc. Phase 2 Background Research: Collect data, trends analysis, market analysis, community demographics profile, identify issues and opportunities related to contemplated service. Phase 3 Community Consultation: Community needs assessment through focus groups, forums, surveys. Phase 4 Service Concept Development: Develop service concept and format, resource requirements, capital requirements, service delivery alternatives, financial strategies, etc. Phase 5 Community Consultation and Market Testing: Obtain input on service concept and format, delivery alternatives, costing and pricing strategies. Focus groups, surveys, forums, etc. Phase 6 Final Recommendations: Develop final recommendations on the service format, preferred delivery approach, City role and involvement and implementation strategy. Types of Feasibility Study: There are many different types of feasibility studies; here is a list of some of the most common: * Technical Feasibility  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ does the company have the technological resources to undertake the project? Are the processes and procedures conducive to project success? * Managerial Feasibility- Businesses which are complex requires significant experience on part of top management to run it. Management expertise is not only in technical know-how but also in understanding market dynamics. * Schedule Feasibility  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ does the company currently have the time esources to undertake the project? Is the project compatible in the available time? * Economic Feasibility  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ given the financial resources of the company, is the project something that can be completed? The economic feasibility study is more commonly called  the cost/benefit analysis. * Cultural Feasibility  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ what will the impact on both local and general cultures be? What sort of environmental implica tions does the feasibility study have? * Legal/Ethical Feasibility  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ what are the legal implications of the project? What sort of ethical considerations are there? You need to make sure that any project undertaken will meet all legal and ethical requirements before the project is on the table. * Resource Feasibility  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ do you have enough resources, what resources will be required, what facilities will be required for the project, etc. * Operational Feasibility  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ this measures how well your company will be able to solve problems and take advantage of opportunities that are presented during the course of the project * Marketing Feasibility  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ will anyone want the product once its done? What is the target demographic? Should there be a test run? Is there enough buzz that can be created for the product? * Real Estate Feasibility  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ what kind of land or property will be required to undertake the project? What is the market like? What are the zoning laws? How will the business impact the area? * Comprehensive Feasibility  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ this takes a look at the various aspects involved in the project – marketing, real estate, cultural, economic, etc. When undertaking a new business venture, this is the most common type of feasibility study performed. Process to prepare a feasibility study report: Feasibility Study Report 1. Identify Stakeholders Purpose| To identify who to consult to complete the Feasibility Study Stage. | Timing Note| While you will decide the plan for stakeholder consultation during this step, consultation with the stakeholders will continue throughout the Feasibility Study Stage. | Useful Tools| * Guidelines on Stakeholder Engagement * Guidelines on Feasibility Study * Feasibility Study Report TEMPLATE| Actions Action| Description| 1| Review the project stakeholders to be consulted during the Feasibility Study Stage. | 2| Identify when stakeholders should be consulted in this Stage. 3| Consult with the stakeholders as identified throughout the Feasibility Study Stage. | At the end of this step:  The stakeholder consultation conducted in the Feasibility Study Stage is recorded in the  Socially Acceptable  section of the  Feasibility Study Report. | 2. Describe the Site Purpose| To develop a complete description of the eradication site. | Timing Note| You will learn more about the site on each visit so the description of the site can be expanded as and when necessary. | Useful Tools| * Feasibility Study Report TEMPLATE * Feasibility Study Report WORKED EXAMPLE| Actions Action| Description| 1| Get to know the site. Note:  Refer to the notes in  The Site  section of the  Feasibility Study Report TEMPLATE, for the type of information needed. | 2| Record the information in  The Site  section of the  Feasibility Study Report. | At the end of this step:  The Site section of the  Feasibility Study Report  is complete. | 3. Describe the Target Species Purpose| To describe the species to be eradicated and explain why. | Timing Note| You will learn more about the target species and impacts during the site visit – expand this section as you learn more about the target species. Useful Tools| * Feasibility Study Report TEMPLATE * Feasibility Study Report WORKED EXAMPLE| Actions Action| Description| 1| Gather all the information you have on the target species; the impact at the eradication site and the benefits of eradication. | 2| Record the information in The  Target Species, Impacts and Benefits of Removal  section of the Feasib ility Study Report  . | At the end of this step:  The Target Species, Impacts and Benefits of Removal section of the Feasibility Study Report  is complete. | 4. Define the Goal, Objectives and Outcomes Purpose| To develop a clear understanding of what the eradication project will achieve. | Timing Note| The Goal, Objectives and Outcomes may change as a result of the findings of the Feasibility Study. Review this step as you are writing the Can it be Done? Section and the Conclusion Section. | Useful Tools| * Guidelines for Project Managers * Feasibility Study Report TEMPLATE * Feasibility Study Report WORKED EXAMPLE| Actions Action| Description| 1| Record the goal of the project in the  Goal, Objectives and Outcomes section  of the  Feasibility Study Report. 2| Record the objectives of the project in the  Goal, Objectives and Outcomes  section of the  Feasibility Study Report. | 3| Record the outcomes of the project in the  Goal, Objectives and Outcomes  section of the  Feasibility Study Report. | At the end of this step:  The  Goal, Objectives and Outcomes  section of the  Feasibility Study Report  is complete. | 5. Start the  Can It Be Done? Section Purpose| To identify what further information is required to assess the feasibility of the project. | Timing Note| This section of the Feasibility Study Report is generally completed via known information; desktop research and a site visit (see  Step 2. Visit the Site and Update the Can It Be Done? section). | Useful Tools| * Guidelines on the Feasibility Study * Feasibility Study Report TEMPLATE * Feasibility Study Report WORKED EXAMPLE * Guidelines on Choosing the Correct Eradication Technique * Guidelines on Cat Eradication and Monitoring Techniques * Guidelines on Bio-security * Guidelines on Rodent Bait and Baiting * Guidelines on Non-Target Species * Guidelines on Managing Environmental Effects * Guidelines on Stakeholder Engagement * Guidelines on Consents and Permits| Actions Action| Description| 1| Review each of the seven criteria in the  Guidelines on Feasibility Study  and the template notes in the Can it Be Done? Section  of the  Feasibility Study Report. | 2| Complete research using relevant sources of information. | 3| Record the relevant information in the  Can it Be Done? Section. | 4| Make a list of what further information is required to complete this section. | At the end of this step: * What you do know about the feasibility of the project is recorded in the  Can it be done? Section of the Feasibility Study Report. You have a list of what further information is required to be obtained during the upcoming site visit. | 6. Complete the Site Visit Bio-security Assessment Purpose| To ensure the project team do not transport any invasive species to and from the island during the site visit. | Timing Note| This, and all subsequent trips, to all islands must apply bio-security prevention measures. Your prevention measures may need to be reassessed as you learn more about possible invasive species threats. A comprehensive Bio-security Plan is completed in the Operational Planning Stage. Useful Tools| * Guidelines on Bio-security * Feasibility Study Report TEMPLATE * Feasibility Study Report WORKED EXAMPLE * Bio-security prevention trip checklist TEMPLATE| Actions Action| Description| 1| Identify the invasive species that could be a threat to the island. | 2| Identify the invasive species that are currently on the island. | 3| Record the known threats in the  Sustainable  section of the  Feasibility Study Report. | 4| Plan the prevention measures the project team will apply when visiting the island. | 5| Write a pre-departure checklist to ensure prevention measures are applied. See the  Bio-security Prevention Trip Checklist TEMPLATE  for a suggested format. | 6| Record the measures in the  Prevention Strategy  column of the Invasive Species Table in the Sustainable  section of the  Feasibility Study Report. | At the end of this step: * The Sustainable section of the Feasibility Study Report contains details of the: * identified invasive species, any other possible threat, and the * bio-security prevention measures to be used by the project team * A project-specific pre-departure checklist based on the Bio-security prevention trip checklist TEMPLATE is complete. 7. Visit the Site and Update the  Can It Be Done  Section Purpose| To gather the information identified in Step 2. 5 – Start the Can It Be Done? section. | Useful Tools| * Guidelines on Stakeholder Engagement * Guidelines on Feasibility Study * Feasibility Study Report TEMPLATE * Feasibility Study Report WORKED EXAMPLE. * Guidelines for Project Managers. * Guidelines on Choosi ng the Correct Eradication Technique * Guidelines on Cat Eradication and Monitoring Techniques * Guidelines on Managing Environmental Effects * Guidelines on Consents and Permits| Actions Action| Description| 1| Review  Step 1 Consult Stakeholders  to determine how you will consult with relevant stakeholders, e. g. community, landowners, government departments, before and during the site visit. | 2| Review the list of further information required (from  Step 2. 5 – Start the Can It Be Done? section) and plan how you will use the site visit to gather the information. | 3| Identify the people who will form the feasibility study team to visit the island. | 4| Organize the site visit. Note:  Includes consulting with the stakeholders identified in Action 1 above. For further information see  Guidelines on Feasibility Study. | 5| Visit the site. | 6| Record details of the site visit in the  Appendix  of the  Feasibility Study Report. | 7| Record the information you gather on the seven feasibility criteria, in the  Can it Be Done? section of the  Feasibility Study Report. | 8| a) Consider each criteria in the  Can it Be Done? section and decide whether the project can meet these. b) Record the decision and explanation in each criteria section of the document. | 9| a) For each criteria, identify any issues that will need resolving to make the project a success. ) Record all identified issues in each criteria section of the document. Note:  Solutions to issues are not required at this stage; these will be detailed in the Operational Planning stage. | At the end of this step: * The  Can it Be Done? section of the  Feasibility Study Report  is complete and contains:   * whether each criteria can be met, and * any issues that need resolving. * The  Appendix  of the  Feasibility Study Report  contains a report on each site visit. | 8. Assess the Feasibility of the Project Purpose| To use all the information recorded in the Can It Be Done? ection and decide whether the project is feasible. | Timing Note| As the feasibility of the project is assessed, the Goal, Objectives and Outcomes may need to change. Return to Step 2. 4 and check whether you need to update them as a result of the findings of the Feasibility Study. | Useful Tools| * Guidelines on Feasibility Study * Feasibility Study Report TEMPLATE * Feasibility Study Report WORKED EXAMPLE| Actions Action| Description| 1| Review all the information, decisions and issues in the  Can it Be Done? section and decide whether, all things considered, the project is feasible. 2| Record your decision (and the reasons for your decision) in the  Conclusion  section of the  Feasibility Study Report. | At the end of this step:  The  Conclusion  section of the Feasibility Study Report is complete and contains the overall decision and explanation of whether the project is feasible. | 9. Complete the Feasibility Study Report Purpose| To complete the Feasibility Study Report. | Timing Note| Depending on the reviewer’s comments you may need to have the Feasibility Study Report reviewed more than once before it is complete. Useful Tools| * Guidelines on the Feasibility Study * Guidelines for Project Managers * Feasibility Study Report TEMPLATE * Feasibility Study Report WORKED EXAMPLE| Actions Action| Description| 1| Complete the  Executive Summary  and  Introduction of the Feasibility Study Report. | 2| Record all documents used and referred to while preparing the  Feasibility Study Report, in the References  section. | 3| Record any other useful information in the  Appendix  of the  Feasibility Study Report. | 4| Review all sections of the  Feasibility Study Report  to ensure it is complete. 5| Hav e the  Feasibility Study Report  reviewed by independent technical advisors. For more information, refer to the  Guidelines for Project Managers. | 6| Update the  Feasibility Study Report  to reflect reviewer’s feedback. | At the end of this step:  The independently-reviewed Feasibility Study Report is complete. | 10. Inform the Stakeholders Purpose| To communicate the outcome of the Feasibility Study. | Useful Tools| Guidelines on Stakeholder Engagement. | Actions Action| Description| 1| Review the  Socially Acceptable  section in the  Feasibility Study Report  to confirm how you plan to communicate with each group of stakeholders. 2| Communicate as planned, providing copies of the  Feasibility Study Report  (as required). | At the end of this step:  Stakeholders have been informed of the outcome of the Feasibility Study Stage. | Importance of feasibility study 1. Launching a New Business Many entrepreneurs look at the launch of a new business as a short-term project that can get them to a sustainable profit level. Business veterans often review two feasibility studies: * To determine the long term viability of the business, and * To understand the resources necessary for a successful launch. 2. Creating a New Product or Service: Building a routine process for feasibility studies within an organization helps develop a culture of experimentation without putting the entire company at risk. 3. Changing an Existing Internal Process: Many project managers face the challenges of implementing new internal systems, like customer relationship management software or communications tools. Subjecting new ideas to a feasibility study before contracts are signed can keep a company from investing too heavily in systems or processes that will fail to gain traction or meet customer needs. 4. Deciding on a Partnership or Vendor: Shareholders and employees require assurance that a merger that looks good on paper will actually fly in the real world. Likewise, white papers and glowing customer testimonials from a prospective vendor won’t matter if their product or service doesn’t address critical issues. Feasibility studies  become important tools to separate the reality of a deal from the short term gains enjoyed by participants. 5. Understanding Demand: Feasibility studies always analyze whether a real demand exists for a product or a service. This holds true for internal projects as well as for potential consumer offerings. . Assessing Resources: The opportunity to catalog the current resources available for a project and to estimate the need for additional resources. This kind of result gives a project manager the opportunity to reset expectations based on real budgets and headcount. 7. Marketing Feasibility: Even for products and services with measurable demand, companies must examine their ability to spread the word about a new offering. Company leaders can also discover any potential legal roadblocks involving trademarks, patents, or other intellectual property rights. 8. Marking a Timeline: A feasibility study is the validation of a prospective timeline. A quality feasibility study examines the timetable suggested by project sponsors for potential delays or breakdowns. When project managers use a study as the basis for making timeline decisions, they run the least risk of being overruled by anxious stakeholders. Benefits of Feasibility Study: The benefits of completing a Feasibility Study: * Increases chances of the project being a success: The Feasibility Study will identify the hard parts of the project. It will help identify dependencies in the planning i. e. Trials that need to be done/questions that need to be answered before key decisions on eradication design can be made. * This will allow time for you to address all of the issues before the operation starts. This will reduce project risk and the likelihood of surprises later in the project. * Issues can be planned for and dealt with. * The Feasibility Study Stage tells you what you need to pr epare and plan in the Operational Planning Stage so that you can be well prepared. * Informed decision making: * To manage stakeholder expectations about how much the project will cost and how long it will take. Ensures the decision and commitment of time and money to the project is based on accurate information. * To enable adequate resources and timeframes to solve issues * Reduces wasting money: Projects that are too difficult will be stopped early, rather than later when more money has been spent or before expectations are raised too far. Concluding that a project is not feasible is not a bad outcome, as it:   * Avoids wasting time and money on a project that would later fail. * Enables you to identify what extra work needs to be undertaken to make it feasible. * Records what you know about the project: During the Feasibility Study Report you will have gathered significant amounts of valuable information on the project – * The objectives, * The site, * The impacts and * What you plan to do. All this information will be used again in the upcoming Stages. All is not lost if a project is not feasible at this point in time, it may become feasible in the future as new techniques are developed or technology becomes available. The work completed in the Feasibility Study can then be used. * The Feasibility Study Report can be used to support your funding application: Many funding organizations will fund the Feasibility Study and maybe the Project Design stage separately from the Operational Planning and Implementation Stages. While many funders will require you to complete their own funding application document, your Feasibility Study Report can be used as part of the application. Limitation of feasibility study: * It requires technical knowledge: Feasibility study is a technical paper, not just any person can make it. It requires information and skill that generally not one single individual. * It requires initial expenses: It requires a certain initial amount in its preparation. The amount spent is necessary in order to ensure that the information found in the feasibility study is reliable and accurate. * It requires time and effort: The information found in a feasibility study, if they are to be accurate and reliable, requires on the part of the proponent time and effort in its acquisition. Bibliography * http://www. brighthubpm. com/project-planning * http://www. pacificinvasivesinitiative. org/rk/project/2_Feasibilty_Study. html * http://womeninbusiness. about. com/od/businessplans/a/feasibilitystud. htm How to cite Feasibility Study, Papers Feasibility Study Free Essays ESTABLISHMENT OF AN AUTOMATIC CAR WASH STATION IN OLONGAPO CITY OUTLINE: I. PROBLEM AND ITS SETTING A. Introduction B. We will write a custom essay sample on Feasibility Study or any similar topic only for you Order Now Statement of the Problem C. Objectives D. Significance of the Study E. Locale of the Study F. Definition of Terms II. REVIEW OF RELATED STUDIES A. Relation of the Review Material to the Present Study III. METHODS AND PROCEDURES A. Research Methodology B. Data Gathering (Hypothetical) IV. PRESENTATION ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION A. Marketing Aspect B. Financial Aspect C. Socio – Economic Aspect V. SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION A. Summary B. Conclusion C. Recommendation D. Bibliography I. PROBLEM AND ITS SETTING A. Introduction The study is a partial completion of project feasibility study. The intention of putting an automatic car wash station is to meet the necessity of car owners in the city. The project was chosen in expectation of certainties of economic development in Subic Bay Freeport Zone, and also to provide maintenance and efficiency of vehicles that will create access on different location in the area. To be able to cope up with the growing transportation vehicle in Olongapo City, especially at Rizal Avenue, East Tapinac beside Olongapo Wesley School and second rotunda where at least 2,000 private vehicles were passing a day. This project when fully developed, deserves a superior attention in all its primary operation and therefore it is assured to have a greater chance of success. B. Statement of the Problem This project study analyzes the possibility of establishing an automatic car wash station that is located at Rizal Avenue, East Tapinac near Olongapo Wesley School and second rotunda. Car wash station is needful to the transport business. Moreover, there is no existing automatic car wash station to readily serve the needs of vehicle owners here in the city. Its operation will be a big help in giving good services which will benefit the vehicle owners of Olongapo City as well as the visitors or tourists from nearby cities and provinces. It aims to determine the ability to live, grow and develop an automatic car wash station in Olongapo City. Specifically, this study seeks to answer the following questions: 1. How much proceed will be generated? 2. What is the ratio of car wash stations and private vehicle in Olongapo City? C. Objectives The intention of the feasibility study is to analyze some of the factors that may affect the viability of the said project of putting up an automatic car wash station. To discover the marketing possibility of an automatic car wash station to the customers, the type of market competition, promotion or advertisement and pricing. To determine the financial viability of the project considering the initial working capital and the operating cash requirements, cash flows and profitability. To enhance our knowledge in project implementation and to provide the viable activity which would improve the present socio – economic standing of our country. D. Significance of the Study The study is significant to the following: 1. Car Owners -To lessen the time of waiting for their cars to be cleaned or to be fixed. The washing station could complete the task of washing a car in  20 minutes. Service charge to be paid is also less. 2. Entrepreneurs -To consider the feasibility of pursuing an automatic car wash station project. 3. Car Wash Station Owners -To determine the type of marketing competition of this industry. How to cite Feasibility Study, Essay examples Feasibility Study Free Essays PRICE OF FURNITURE, FIXTURE AND EQUIPMENTS FURNITURE/FIXTURE/EQUIPMENTDESCRIPTIONPRICE (PER PIECE) Bench Trunk A wonderful seat for a child’s room, perfect for storage of toys or clothing. Height: 23†³ Length: 23. 5†³ P 2,985. We will write a custom essay sample on Feasibility Study or any similar topic only for you Order Now 00 Wooden Bar Chair A very firm, sturdy high seat for any type of use. P2,690 Country Wood Chair Made of pinewood. Size 36†³ height x 16. 5†³ length x 15 5/8†³ widthP1,650 Mirror Classic design in walnut finish. Durable and versatile. Size 22. 5†³ height x 17 3/8†³ length x 4. 25†³ width P1,598 Mirror WindowClassic design in walnut finish. Durable and versatile. 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Tolerance Analysis free essay sample

An engineering design must perform properly in spite of dimensional variation. To achieve this, engineering design requirements must be expressed as assembly tolerance limits. The designer must assign limits to the gaps, clearances and overall dimensions of an assembly which are critical to performance. Assembly tolerance limits are applied to the statistical distribution of the assembly variations predicted by tolerance analysis to estimate the number of assemblies which will be within the specifications. Designers need to control more than just gaps and clearances in assemblies. Orientation and position of features may also be important to performance. To be a comprehensive design tool, a tolerance analysis system must provide a set of assembly tolerance specifications which covers a wide range of common design requirements. In the component tolerance specification shown, the parallelism tolerance zone is defined as parallel to datum A, a reference surface on the same part. By contrast, the assembly parallelism tolerance defines a tolerance zone on one part in the assembly which is parallel to a datum on another part. We will write a custom essay sample on Tolerance Analysis or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In order to distinguish an assembly tolerance specification from a component specification, new symbols have been proposed. The feature control block and the assembly datum have been enclosed in double boxes. Fig. 9 Comparison of component and assembly tolerance specifications. The ability to model a system is a fundamental skill for effective engineering design or manufacturing systems analysis. Unfortunately, few engineers know how to construct variational models of assemblies beyond a 1-D stack. This is primarily because the methods have not been established. There is little treatment of assembly modeling for tolerance analysis in engineering schools or texts. Until engineers learn how to model, tolerance analysis will never become widely used as have other CAD/CAE tools. A consistent set of modeling procedures, with some guiding rules for creating vector assembly models, allows for a systematic approach which can be applied to virtually any assembly. The steps in creating a model are: 1. Identify the assembly features critical to the assembly. Locate and orient each feature and specify the assembly tolerances. 2. Locate a datum reference frame (DRF) for each part. All model features will be located relative to the DRFs. 3. Place kinematic joints at the points of contact between each pair of mating parts. Define the joint type and orient the joint axes. These are the assembly constraints. 4. Create vector paths from the DRF on each part to each joint on the part. The paths, called datum paths, must follow feature dimensions until arriving at the joint. Thus, each joint may be located relative to the DRF by controlled engineering dimensions. 5. Define the closed vector loops which hold the assembly together. A vector loop must enter a part through a joint and leave through another joint, passing through the DRF along the way. Thus, the vector path across a part follows the datum path from the incoming joint to the DRF and follows another datum path from the DRF to the outgoing joint. 6. Define open vector loops to describe each assembly tolerance specification. For example, for an assembly gap, the loop would start on one side of the gap, pass through the assembly, and end at the other side of the gap. 7 . Add geometric variations at each joint. Define the width of the tolerance zone and length of contact between the mating parts as required. The nature of the variation and direction is determined by the joint type and joint axes. Other variations, such as position, may be added at other feature locations. Modeling rules are needed to ensure the creation of valid loops, a sufficient number of loops, correct datum paths, etc. For example, an important set of rules defines the path a vector loop must take to cross a joint. Each joint introduces kinematic variables into the assembly which must be included in the vector model.