Heart Disease And Myocardial Infarction - 2338 Words

According to the American Heart Association, heart disease is the number one cause of death in women, yet most women are not aware of their own risk. In the past, heart disease and myocardial infarction (MI) has been associated with men, which has lead to a misunderstanding within the public that women are not at risk. This has further lead to an oversimplified description of symptoms associated with men, which has been detrimental to women (American Heart Association). Davis et al. (2013) noted in her study that approximately every 34 seconds in the United States someone suffers an acute coronary event, and half of these are resulting in death. She describes that women are found to delay pre-hospital treatment longer than men, which is one of the most reliable indicators for MI complications at the hospital, not limited to recurrent ischemia, re-infarction, ventricular arrhythmias, and cardiac death. Women who had both non-modifiable and modifiable risk factors such as age, ethnicit y, high cholesterol, hypertension, low socioeconomic status, and lower educational levels were found to delay hospital treatment with acute coronary syndromes even longer than those without these risk factors (Davis, Mishel, Moser, Esposito, Lynn, Schwartz, 2013). Kalman et al. (2012) states that â€Å"Cardiovascular disease research until the late 1980’s sampled predominately men so the picture of normal cardiac symptoms is skewed toward a male diagnostic picture. Women, with a different set ofShow MoreRelatedWomen and Heart Disease: Myocardial Infarction in Women1916 Words   |  8 PagesWomen and Heart Disease [Name] [Course Title] [University] [Instructor Name] [Date] Abstract Heart diseases have always been the most life threatening disease to human life. This research paper focuses on one of such heart diseases, the Myocardial Infarction, in women. Throughout the paper, various reasons for its occurrence in women have been mentioned and discussion has been done on the prevention methods and treatments available for it. Moreover, this research paper aims to find methodsRead MoreAssociation between Long Term Exposure to Urban Air Pollution and the Risk of Myocardial Infarction and Coronary Heart Disease3066 Words   |  13 PagesA Meta analysis on the association between Long term exposure to urban air pollution and the risks of Myocardial infarction and Coronary heart disease. Definition of Meta analysis A meta-analysis is a type of research study in which the researcher compiles numerous previously published studies on a particular research question and re-analyzes the results to find the general trend for results across the studies, Kristalyn Salters-Pedneault, (2010). Introduction Robert D. Brook et al. (2004)Read MoreMyocardial Infarction. 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Feasibility Study Free Essays

Introduction: A  feasibility study  is an evaluation and analysis of the potential of the proposed project which is based on extensive investigation and research to give full comfort to the decisions makers. A feasibility study is essentially a process for determining the viability of a proposed initiative or service and providing a framework and direction for its development and delivery. It is a process for making sound decisions and setting direction. We will write a custom essay sample on Feasibility Study or any similar topic only for you Order Now It is also a process which: * is driven by research and analysis * usually involves some form of consultation with stakeholders, community, users, etc. focuses on analyzing, clarifying and resolving key issues and areas of concern or uncertainty * very often involves basic modeling and testing of alternative concepts and approaches There is no universal format for a feasibility study. Feasibility studies can be adapted and shaped to meet the specific needs of any given situation. Definition: By Lahle Wolfe: â€Å"A feasibility study looks at the viability of an idea with an emphasis on identifying potential problems and attempts to answer one main question: Will the idea work and should you proceed with it? â€Å"Feasibility Study  is basically a  study that  is done to judge the  viability  of a new business venture. It is actually a preliminary analysis of a project that lets the people know that whether to proceed with a project or not. † Who undertakes such stu dies? * Project Manager:  The Project Manager will take the lead in conducting the Feasibility Study, organizing the site visit and completing the Feasibility Study Report. * Feasibility Study Team:  The Project Manager will form a Feasibility Study team to: * provide the required skills and knowledge (i. e. nowledge of the technical details of the project, familiarity with the local environment, an understanding of the local community and culture) and, * take part in the site visit. * Stakeholders:  Stakeholder consultation will continue to play a major part of the project, particularly during the site visit. Engage closely with the local communities as they will be an invaluable source of information for the Feasibility Study. * Independent Technical Advisor:  An independent technical advisor will be used to provide technical advice and to review the Feasibility Study Report. Features of feasibility study: * Very articulate * High Systematic * Focused * Strategic in nature * Cost effective * Value Adding * Organized * Flexible Objective of feasibility study: * To know the viability of the Project. * To evaluate the profitability of a new business. * To evaluate the benefits to be gained in the expansion of a business. * To evaluate the financial impact for changes in business location. * To evaluate the benefit from new methods of production, technology or machinery. * To evaluate changes in an organization To evaluate benefits from business merger or business acquisition * To know the market trends. * To reduce the cost of project. * To test the profitability of the project. * To identify the likelihood of one or more solutions meeting the stated business requirements. * To find the outcome of the feasibility study is a confirmed solution for implementation. When is Feasibility Study needed? The following are more specific circumstances that may prompt t he need for a feasibility study: * Significant capital investment is required Significant City funding or public fund raising is required * Significant commitment or exclusivity of City land or building floor space and time is required. * There is no clear champion * Financial viability is in question (costs compared with anticipated revenues) * Community needs require further analysis and validation * There is potential to reach a large market segment or affect a large number of people * Accessibility to the service is an issue (pricing barriers, physical barriers, discriminative social barriers, proximity, geographic equity, etc. * There is a perception of competition with existing service providers (commercial or community based) and the city’s mandate or role may be questioned * There is no clear indication of the preferred method or source of delivery. * Public safety is concerned * There are significant legislative requirements (health, safety, liability, certification requirements) related to the initiative which concern, impact and relate to the city * There is significant risk inherent in the service initiative (financial, political, public liability, social, etc) * The initiative entails significant operating requirements (ie. Financial, administrative, staffing, materials and supplies, skill development, customer service, training/development, etc. ) Contents of a Feasibility Study: The following summarizes typical contents of a feasibility study. The level of detail, analysis and involvement may vary depending on the nature and scale of the proposed initiative. 1. Service Concept: * Description * Origin * Conformance with City policies, goals and directions. 2. Community Benefits/ Outcomes Assessment: * Personal Health – physical development, skills development, mental health reduces the risk of heart disease, stroke, combats osteoporosis, etc. Build strong families and healthy communities – ethnic and cultural harmony, community pride and identity, community participation, community heritage. * Ecological Survival – environmental health, protect public open spaces, natural features, ecological functions, wildlife habitat, awareness and respect of environment. * Economic Generator â €“ business development, productive workforce, reduce taxes, tourism. * Human Development – development of children youth’s full potential, lifelong learning. * Quality of Life – build self-esteem and positive self image, enhance life satisfaction, etc. Reduces self-destructive and anti-social behavior – crime, racism, isolation, alienation, etc. * Reduces health care, social services and police/justice costs – foster care, incarceration costs, etc. 3. Community Needs Assessment and Market Analysis: * Target markets/profiles (geographic/ demographic) * Needs assessment (i. e. product or type of service) * Market supply and competition * Market share goals (production or service volume goals) * Trends analysis- socio-economic, demographic, environmental, recreational, etc. Short term fad or long term need? Market growth potential * Impacts to current markets. 4. Service Concept Development: * Content * Format * Provision Levels * Criteria/Stand ards (i. e. quality, accessibility, safety, customer service) 5. Resource Requirements: * Capital- land, structure, space, furnishings, fixtures, equipment, computers, technological systems * Facility provision options (rental/lease, renovations, re-using/re-adapting existing facilities, joint venture, new development) * Operating- staff (administrative, instructional, supervisory/management), utilities, materials, supplies, etc. . Service Delivery/ Management Options Review service delivery options in light of the following criteria: * Cost efficiencies * Accessibility * Affordability * Leadership capacity and commitment * Public interest * Liability-regulatory considerations * Service quality and customer responsiveness * Resource/financing capacity * Service integration and continuity * City role, financial impacts, impacts to other programs, services, facilities. 7. Financial Assessment of Preferred Options * Capital expenditure projections Operating cost projections * Capital a nd operating financing strategies pricing, subsidy, grants, sponsorships, fund raising, etc. 8. Recommendations * Preferred service delivery approach * City role and impacts (i. e. financial, resources) * Implementation strategy Briefing of Feasibility Study Content: A feasibility study will: * Verify community needs for a proposed leisure service * Assess the benefits and overall value of a proposed service to the community * Assess market conditions and trends * Articulate a service concept (i. e. Format, content, theme, objectives/outcomes) * Determine required resources (capital and operating) * Determine costs and financing strategies (i. e. Financial analysis) * Review service delivery options and recommend the most effective delivery strategy. * Determine the city’s role and impacts (financial, resources) in the delivery of the service * Produce an implementation strategy for the development and delivery of the new service Feasibility Study Process: The following summarizes a typical feasibility study process for a community leisure service: Phase 1 Project Development: Identify stakeholders, develop a steering committee, produce a terms of reference, call RFP and retain consultant if necessary, consulting services agreement, refine process timelines and milestones, develop task teams, clarify roles and responsibilities, communications plan, etc. Phase 2 Background Research: Collect data, trends analysis, market analysis, community demographics profile, identify issues and opportunities related to contemplated service. Phase 3 Community Consultation: Community needs assessment through focus groups, forums, surveys. Phase 4 Service Concept Development: Develop service concept and format, resource requirements, capital requirements, service delivery alternatives, financial strategies, etc. Phase 5 Community Consultation and Market Testing: Obtain input on service concept and format, delivery alternatives, costing and pricing strategies. Focus groups, surveys, forums, etc. Phase 6 Final Recommendations: Develop final recommendations on the service format, preferred delivery approach, City role and involvement and implementation strategy. Types of Feasibility Study: There are many different types of feasibility studies; here is a list of some of the most common: * Technical Feasibility  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ does the company have the technological resources to undertake the project? Are the processes and procedures conducive to project success? * Managerial Feasibility- Businesses which are complex requires significant experience on part of top management to run it. Management expertise is not only in technical know-how but also in understanding market dynamics. * Schedule Feasibility  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ does the company currently have the time esources to undertake the project? Is the project compatible in the available time? * Economic Feasibility  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ given the financial resources of the company, is the project something that can be completed? The economic feasibility study is more commonly called  the cost/benefit analysis. * Cultural Feasibility  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ what will the impact on both local and general cultures be? What sort of environmental implica tions does the feasibility study have? * Legal/Ethical Feasibility  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ what are the legal implications of the project? What sort of ethical considerations are there? You need to make sure that any project undertaken will meet all legal and ethical requirements before the project is on the table. * Resource Feasibility  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ do you have enough resources, what resources will be required, what facilities will be required for the project, etc. * Operational Feasibility  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ this measures how well your company will be able to solve problems and take advantage of opportunities that are presented during the course of the project * Marketing Feasibility  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ will anyone want the product once its done? What is the target demographic? Should there be a test run? Is there enough buzz that can be created for the product? * Real Estate Feasibility  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ what kind of land or property will be required to undertake the project? What is the market like? What are the zoning laws? How will the business impact the area? * Comprehensive Feasibility  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ this takes a look at the various aspects involved in the project – marketing, real estate, cultural, economic, etc. When undertaking a new business venture, this is the most common type of feasibility study performed. Process to prepare a feasibility study report: Feasibility Study Report 1. Identify Stakeholders Purpose| To identify who to consult to complete the Feasibility Study Stage. | Timing Note| While you will decide the plan for stakeholder consultation during this step, consultation with the stakeholders will continue throughout the Feasibility Study Stage. | Useful Tools| * Guidelines on Stakeholder Engagement * Guidelines on Feasibility Study * Feasibility Study Report TEMPLATE| Actions Action| Description| 1| Review the project stakeholders to be consulted during the Feasibility Study Stage. | 2| Identify when stakeholders should be consulted in this Stage. 3| Consult with the stakeholders as identified throughout the Feasibility Study Stage. | At the end of this step:  The stakeholder consultation conducted in the Feasibility Study Stage is recorded in the  Socially Acceptable  section of the  Feasibility Study Report. | 2. Describe the Site Purpose| To develop a complete description of the eradication site. | Timing Note| You will learn more about the site on each visit so the description of the site can be expanded as and when necessary. | Useful Tools| * Feasibility Study Report TEMPLATE * Feasibility Study Report WORKED EXAMPLE| Actions Action| Description| 1| Get to know the site. Note:  Refer to the notes in  The Site  section of the  Feasibility Study Report TEMPLATE, for the type of information needed. | 2| Record the information in  The Site  section of the  Feasibility Study Report. | At the end of this step:  The Site section of the  Feasibility Study Report  is complete. | 3. Describe the Target Species Purpose| To describe the species to be eradicated and explain why. | Timing Note| You will learn more about the target species and impacts during the site visit – expand this section as you learn more about the target species. Useful Tools| * Feasibility Study Report TEMPLATE * Feasibility Study Report WORKED EXAMPLE| Actions Action| Description| 1| Gather all the information you have on the target species; the impact at the eradication site and the benefits of eradication. | 2| Record the information in The  Target Species, Impacts and Benefits of Removal  section of the Feasib ility Study Report  . | At the end of this step:  The Target Species, Impacts and Benefits of Removal section of the Feasibility Study Report  is complete. | 4. Define the Goal, Objectives and Outcomes Purpose| To develop a clear understanding of what the eradication project will achieve. | Timing Note| The Goal, Objectives and Outcomes may change as a result of the findings of the Feasibility Study. Review this step as you are writing the Can it be Done? Section and the Conclusion Section. | Useful Tools| * Guidelines for Project Managers * Feasibility Study Report TEMPLATE * Feasibility Study Report WORKED EXAMPLE| Actions Action| Description| 1| Record the goal of the project in the  Goal, Objectives and Outcomes section  of the  Feasibility Study Report. 2| Record the objectives of the project in the  Goal, Objectives and Outcomes  section of the  Feasibility Study Report. | 3| Record the outcomes of the project in the  Goal, Objectives and Outcomes  section of the  Feasibility Study Report. | At the end of this step:  The  Goal, Objectives and Outcomes  section of the  Feasibility Study Report  is complete. | 5. Start the  Can It Be Done? Section Purpose| To identify what further information is required to assess the feasibility of the project. | Timing Note| This section of the Feasibility Study Report is generally completed via known information; desktop research and a site visit (see  Step 2. Visit the Site and Update the Can It Be Done? section). | Useful Tools| * Guidelines on the Feasibility Study * Feasibility Study Report TEMPLATE * Feasibility Study Report WORKED EXAMPLE * Guidelines on Choosing the Correct Eradication Technique * Guidelines on Cat Eradication and Monitoring Techniques * Guidelines on Bio-security * Guidelines on Rodent Bait and Baiting * Guidelines on Non-Target Species * Guidelines on Managing Environmental Effects * Guidelines on Stakeholder Engagement * Guidelines on Consents and Permits| Actions Action| Description| 1| Review each of the seven criteria in the  Guidelines on Feasibility Study  and the template notes in the Can it Be Done? Section  of the  Feasibility Study Report. | 2| Complete research using relevant sources of information. | 3| Record the relevant information in the  Can it Be Done? Section. | 4| Make a list of what further information is required to complete this section. | At the end of this step: * What you do know about the feasibility of the project is recorded in the  Can it be done? Section of the Feasibility Study Report. You have a list of what further information is required to be obtained during the upcoming site visit. | 6. Complete the Site Visit Bio-security Assessment Purpose| To ensure the project team do not transport any invasive species to and from the island during the site visit. | Timing Note| This, and all subsequent trips, to all islands must apply bio-security prevention measures. Your prevention measures may need to be reassessed as you learn more about possible invasive species threats. A comprehensive Bio-security Plan is completed in the Operational Planning Stage. Useful Tools| * Guidelines on Bio-security * Feasibility Study Report TEMPLATE * Feasibility Study Report WORKED EXAMPLE * Bio-security prevention trip checklist TEMPLATE| Actions Action| Description| 1| Identify the invasive species that could be a threat to the island. | 2| Identify the invasive species that are currently on the island. | 3| Record the known threats in the  Sustainable  section of the  Feasibility Study Report. | 4| Plan the prevention measures the project team will apply when visiting the island. | 5| Write a pre-departure checklist to ensure prevention measures are applied. See the  Bio-security Prevention Trip Checklist TEMPLATE  for a suggested format. | 6| Record the measures in the  Prevention Strategy  column of the Invasive Species Table in the Sustainable  section of the  Feasibility Study Report. | At the end of this step: * The Sustainable section of the Feasibility Study Report contains details of the: * identified invasive species, any other possible threat, and the * bio-security prevention measures to be used by the project team * A project-specific pre-departure checklist based on the Bio-security prevention trip checklist TEMPLATE is complete. 7. Visit the Site and Update the  Can It Be Done  Section Purpose| To gather the information identified in Step 2. 5 – Start the Can It Be Done? section. | Useful Tools| * Guidelines on Stakeholder Engagement * Guidelines on Feasibility Study * Feasibility Study Report TEMPLATE * Feasibility Study Report WORKED EXAMPLE. * Guidelines for Project Managers. * Guidelines on Choosi ng the Correct Eradication Technique * Guidelines on Cat Eradication and Monitoring Techniques * Guidelines on Managing Environmental Effects * Guidelines on Consents and Permits| Actions Action| Description| 1| Review  Step 1 Consult Stakeholders  to determine how you will consult with relevant stakeholders, e. g. community, landowners, government departments, before and during the site visit. | 2| Review the list of further information required (from  Step 2. 5 – Start the Can It Be Done? section) and plan how you will use the site visit to gather the information. | 3| Identify the people who will form the feasibility study team to visit the island. | 4| Organize the site visit. Note:  Includes consulting with the stakeholders identified in Action 1 above. For further information see  Guidelines on Feasibility Study. | 5| Visit the site. | 6| Record details of the site visit in the  Appendix  of the  Feasibility Study Report. | 7| Record the information you gather on the seven feasibility criteria, in the  Can it Be Done? section of the  Feasibility Study Report. | 8| a) Consider each criteria in the  Can it Be Done? section and decide whether the project can meet these. b) Record the decision and explanation in each criteria section of the document. | 9| a) For each criteria, identify any issues that will need resolving to make the project a success. ) Record all identified issues in each criteria section of the document. Note:  Solutions to issues are not required at this stage; these will be detailed in the Operational Planning stage. | At the end of this step: * The  Can it Be Done? section of the  Feasibility Study Report  is complete and contains:   * whether each criteria can be met, and * any issues that need resolving. * The  Appendix  of the  Feasibility Study Report  contains a report on each site visit. | 8. Assess the Feasibility of the Project Purpose| To use all the information recorded in the Can It Be Done? ection and decide whether the project is feasible. | Timing Note| As the feasibility of the project is assessed, the Goal, Objectives and Outcomes may need to change. Return to Step 2. 4 and check whether you need to update them as a result of the findings of the Feasibility Study. | Useful Tools| * Guidelines on Feasibility Study * Feasibility Study Report TEMPLATE * Feasibility Study Report WORKED EXAMPLE| Actions Action| Description| 1| Review all the information, decisions and issues in the  Can it Be Done? section and decide whether, all things considered, the project is feasible. 2| Record your decision (and the reasons for your decision) in the  Conclusion  section of the  Feasibility Study Report. | At the end of this step:  The  Conclusion  section of the Feasibility Study Report is complete and contains the overall decision and explanation of whether the project is feasible. | 9. Complete the Feasibility Study Report Purpose| To complete the Feasibility Study Report. | Timing Note| Depending on the reviewer’s comments you may need to have the Feasibility Study Report reviewed more than once before it is complete. Useful Tools| * Guidelines on the Feasibility Study * Guidelines for Project Managers * Feasibility Study Report TEMPLATE * Feasibility Study Report WORKED EXAMPLE| Actions Action| Description| 1| Complete the  Executive Summary  and  Introduction of the Feasibility Study Report. | 2| Record all documents used and referred to while preparing the  Feasibility Study Report, in the References  section. | 3| Record any other useful information in the  Appendix  of the  Feasibility Study Report. | 4| Review all sections of the  Feasibility Study Report  to ensure it is complete. 5| Hav e the  Feasibility Study Report  reviewed by independent technical advisors. For more information, refer to the  Guidelines for Project Managers. | 6| Update the  Feasibility Study Report  to reflect reviewer’s feedback. | At the end of this step:  The independently-reviewed Feasibility Study Report is complete. | 10. Inform the Stakeholders Purpose| To communicate the outcome of the Feasibility Study. | Useful Tools| Guidelines on Stakeholder Engagement. | Actions Action| Description| 1| Review the  Socially Acceptable  section in the  Feasibility Study Report  to confirm how you plan to communicate with each group of stakeholders. 2| Communicate as planned, providing copies of the  Feasibility Study Report  (as required). | At the end of this step:  Stakeholders have been informed of the outcome of the Feasibility Study Stage. | Importance of feasibility study 1. Launching a New Business Many entrepreneurs look at the launch of a new business as a short-term project that can get them to a sustainable profit level. Business veterans often review two feasibility studies: * To determine the long term viability of the business, and * To understand the resources necessary for a successful launch. 2. Creating a New Product or Service: Building a routine process for feasibility studies within an organization helps develop a culture of experimentation without putting the entire company at risk. 3. Changing an Existing Internal Process: Many project managers face the challenges of implementing new internal systems, like customer relationship management software or communications tools. Subjecting new ideas to a feasibility study before contracts are signed can keep a company from investing too heavily in systems or processes that will fail to gain traction or meet customer needs. 4. Deciding on a Partnership or Vendor: Shareholders and employees require assurance that a merger that looks good on paper will actually fly in the real world. Likewise, white papers and glowing customer testimonials from a prospective vendor won’t matter if their product or service doesn’t address critical issues. Feasibility studies  become important tools to separate the reality of a deal from the short term gains enjoyed by participants. 5. Understanding Demand: Feasibility studies always analyze whether a real demand exists for a product or a service. This holds true for internal projects as well as for potential consumer offerings. . Assessing Resources: The opportunity to catalog the current resources available for a project and to estimate the need for additional resources. This kind of result gives a project manager the opportunity to reset expectations based on real budgets and headcount. 7. Marketing Feasibility: Even for products and services with measurable demand, companies must examine their ability to spread the word about a new offering. Company leaders can also discover any potential legal roadblocks involving trademarks, patents, or other intellectual property rights. 8. Marking a Timeline: A feasibility study is the validation of a prospective timeline. A quality feasibility study examines the timetable suggested by project sponsors for potential delays or breakdowns. When project managers use a study as the basis for making timeline decisions, they run the least risk of being overruled by anxious stakeholders. Benefits of Feasibility Study: The benefits of completing a Feasibility Study: * Increases chances of the project being a success: The Feasibility Study will identify the hard parts of the project. It will help identify dependencies in the planning i. e. Trials that need to be done/questions that need to be answered before key decisions on eradication design can be made. * This will allow time for you to address all of the issues before the operation starts. This will reduce project risk and the likelihood of surprises later in the project. * Issues can be planned for and dealt with. * The Feasibility Study Stage tells you what you need to pr epare and plan in the Operational Planning Stage so that you can be well prepared. * Informed decision making: * To manage stakeholder expectations about how much the project will cost and how long it will take. Ensures the decision and commitment of time and money to the project is based on accurate information. * To enable adequate resources and timeframes to solve issues * Reduces wasting money: Projects that are too difficult will be stopped early, rather than later when more money has been spent or before expectations are raised too far. Concluding that a project is not feasible is not a bad outcome, as it:   * Avoids wasting time and money on a project that would later fail. * Enables you to identify what extra work needs to be undertaken to make it feasible. * Records what you know about the project: During the Feasibility Study Report you will have gathered significant amounts of valuable information on the project – * The objectives, * The site, * The impacts and * What you plan to do. All this information will be used again in the upcoming Stages. All is not lost if a project is not feasible at this point in time, it may become feasible in the future as new techniques are developed or technology becomes available. The work completed in the Feasibility Study can then be used. * The Feasibility Study Report can be used to support your funding application: Many funding organizations will fund the Feasibility Study and maybe the Project Design stage separately from the Operational Planning and Implementation Stages. While many funders will require you to complete their own funding application document, your Feasibility Study Report can be used as part of the application. Limitation of feasibility study: * It requires technical knowledge: Feasibility study is a technical paper, not just any person can make it. It requires information and skill that generally not one single individual. * It requires initial expenses: It requires a certain initial amount in its preparation. The amount spent is necessary in order to ensure that the information found in the feasibility study is reliable and accurate. * It requires time and effort: The information found in a feasibility study, if they are to be accurate and reliable, requires on the part of the proponent time and effort in its acquisition. Bibliography * http://www. brighthubpm. com/project-planning * http://www. pacificinvasivesinitiative. org/rk/project/2_Feasibilty_Study. html * http://womeninbusiness. about. com/od/businessplans/a/feasibilitystud. htm How to cite Feasibility Study, Papers Feasibility Study Free Essays ESTABLISHMENT OF AN AUTOMATIC CAR WASH STATION IN OLONGAPO CITY OUTLINE: I. PROBLEM AND ITS SETTING A. Introduction B. We will write a custom essay sample on Feasibility Study or any similar topic only for you Order Now Statement of the Problem C. Objectives D. Significance of the Study E. Locale of the Study F. Definition of Terms II. REVIEW OF RELATED STUDIES A. Relation of the Review Material to the Present Study III. METHODS AND PROCEDURES A. Research Methodology B. Data Gathering (Hypothetical) IV. PRESENTATION ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION A. Marketing Aspect B. Financial Aspect C. Socio – Economic Aspect V. SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION A. Summary B. Conclusion C. Recommendation D. Bibliography I. PROBLEM AND ITS SETTING A. Introduction The study is a partial completion of project feasibility study. The intention of putting an automatic car wash station is to meet the necessity of car owners in the city. The project was chosen in expectation of certainties of economic development in Subic Bay Freeport Zone, and also to provide maintenance and efficiency of vehicles that will create access on different location in the area. To be able to cope up with the growing transportation vehicle in Olongapo City, especially at Rizal Avenue, East Tapinac beside Olongapo Wesley School and second rotunda where at least 2,000 private vehicles were passing a day. This project when fully developed, deserves a superior attention in all its primary operation and therefore it is assured to have a greater chance of success. B. Statement of the Problem This project study analyzes the possibility of establishing an automatic car wash station that is located at Rizal Avenue, East Tapinac near Olongapo Wesley School and second rotunda. Car wash station is needful to the transport business. Moreover, there is no existing automatic car wash station to readily serve the needs of vehicle owners here in the city. Its operation will be a big help in giving good services which will benefit the vehicle owners of Olongapo City as well as the visitors or tourists from nearby cities and provinces. It aims to determine the ability to live, grow and develop an automatic car wash station in Olongapo City. Specifically, this study seeks to answer the following questions: 1. How much proceed will be generated? 2. What is the ratio of car wash stations and private vehicle in Olongapo City? C. Objectives The intention of the feasibility study is to analyze some of the factors that may affect the viability of the said project of putting up an automatic car wash station. To discover the marketing possibility of an automatic car wash station to the customers, the type of market competition, promotion or advertisement and pricing. To determine the financial viability of the project considering the initial working capital and the operating cash requirements, cash flows and profitability. To enhance our knowledge in project implementation and to provide the viable activity which would improve the present socio – economic standing of our country. D. Significance of the Study The study is significant to the following: 1. Car Owners -To lessen the time of waiting for their cars to be cleaned or to be fixed. The washing station could complete the task of washing a car in  20 minutes. Service charge to be paid is also less. 2. Entrepreneurs -To consider the feasibility of pursuing an automatic car wash station project. 3. Car Wash Station Owners -To determine the type of marketing competition of this industry. How to cite Feasibility Study, Essay examples Feasibility Study Free Essays PRICE OF FURNITURE, FIXTURE AND EQUIPMENTS FURNITURE/FIXTURE/EQUIPMENTDESCRIPTIONPRICE (PER PIECE) Bench Trunk A wonderful seat for a child’s room, perfect for storage of toys or clothing. Height: 23†³ Length: 23. 5†³ P 2,985. We will write a custom essay sample on Feasibility Study or any similar topic only for you Order Now 00 Wooden Bar Chair A very firm, sturdy high seat for any type of use. P2,690 Country Wood Chair Made of pinewood. Size 36†³ height x 16. 5†³ length x 15 5/8†³ widthP1,650 Mirror Classic design in walnut finish. Durable and versatile. Size 22. 5†³ height x 17 3/8†³ length x 4. 25†³ width P1,598 Mirror WindowClassic design in walnut finish. Durable and versatile. 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Tolerance Analysis free essay sample

An engineering design must perform properly in spite of dimensional variation. To achieve this, engineering design requirements must be expressed as assembly tolerance limits. The designer must assign limits to the gaps, clearances and overall dimensions of an assembly which are critical to performance. Assembly tolerance limits are applied to the statistical distribution of the assembly variations predicted by tolerance analysis to estimate the number of assemblies which will be within the specifications. Designers need to control more than just gaps and clearances in assemblies. Orientation and position of features may also be important to performance. To be a comprehensive design tool, a tolerance analysis system must provide a set of assembly tolerance specifications which covers a wide range of common design requirements. In the component tolerance specification shown, the parallelism tolerance zone is defined as parallel to datum A, a reference surface on the same part. By contrast, the assembly parallelism tolerance defines a tolerance zone on one part in the assembly which is parallel to a datum on another part. We will write a custom essay sample on Tolerance Analysis or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In order to distinguish an assembly tolerance specification from a component specification, new symbols have been proposed. The feature control block and the assembly datum have been enclosed in double boxes. Fig. 9 Comparison of component and assembly tolerance specifications. The ability to model a system is a fundamental skill for effective engineering design or manufacturing systems analysis. Unfortunately, few engineers know how to construct variational models of assemblies beyond a 1-D stack. This is primarily because the methods have not been established. There is little treatment of assembly modeling for tolerance analysis in engineering schools or texts. Until engineers learn how to model, tolerance analysis will never become widely used as have other CAD/CAE tools. A consistent set of modeling procedures, with some guiding rules for creating vector assembly models, allows for a systematic approach which can be applied to virtually any assembly. The steps in creating a model are: 1. Identify the assembly features critical to the assembly. Locate and orient each feature and specify the assembly tolerances. 2. Locate a datum reference frame (DRF) for each part. All model features will be located relative to the DRFs. 3. Place kinematic joints at the points of contact between each pair of mating parts. Define the joint type and orient the joint axes. These are the assembly constraints. 4. Create vector paths from the DRF on each part to each joint on the part. The paths, called datum paths, must follow feature dimensions until arriving at the joint. Thus, each joint may be located relative to the DRF by controlled engineering dimensions. 5. Define the closed vector loops which hold the assembly together. A vector loop must enter a part through a joint and leave through another joint, passing through the DRF along the way. Thus, the vector path across a part follows the datum path from the incoming joint to the DRF and follows another datum path from the DRF to the outgoing joint. 6. Define open vector loops to describe each assembly tolerance specification. For example, for an assembly gap, the loop would start on one side of the gap, pass through the assembly, and end at the other side of the gap. 7 . Add geometric variations at each joint. Define the width of the tolerance zone and length of contact between the mating parts as required. The nature of the variation and direction is determined by the joint type and joint axes. Other variations, such as position, may be added at other feature locations. Modeling rules are needed to ensure the creation of valid loops, a sufficient number of loops, correct datum paths, etc. For example, an important set of rules defines the path a vector loop must take to cross a joint. Each joint introduces kinematic variables into the assembly which must be included in the vector model.

Learn to Write a Scholarship Essay Not Risking Your Future

Learn to Write a Scholarship Essay Not Risking Your Future How to Write a Remarkable and Outstanding Scholarship Essay Scholarship essay is far more challenging than a book review or a lab report, so it requires much devotion and efforts. If you want to enter a college of your dreams, to get a scholarship or become a part of an international program, you will surely find our article useful! Continue reading and you will learn scholarship essays classification, its main features and all the underwater stones you may face. In case you are in a hurry and have no time for reading, just place an order and our professional writers will write an essay for you! The Best Tips for Writing a Great Scholarship Essay If you want to get the highest chances, the first and the most important advice is to follow every instruction the admission committee has. Keep in mind even the slightest details, such as number of words and required formatting style. Every part of these instructions matters and influences your final score greatly. Our expert writers recommend reading guidelines as many times as necessary not to miss a single detail out! For most of the academic assignments, placing a quote in the beginning can be a good start. However, it is completely different from a scholarship essay, because the admission officer wants to learn more about your own personality and words. Always pay attention to the structure of your sentences. Don’t be Captain Obvious but still remain brief and stick to the main point. Outline of a Scholarship Essay As with any other written assignment, knowing how to structure a paper can be half of success. We offer you a great outline for almost any type of scholarship essay. Use it for your own paper and you will see how much easier the process will become! Introduction In this section you should tell who you are, what your values are, tell something about your country of origin, parents and so on. You can also explain a major challenge you had to face and how you overcame it, becoming stronger and wiser. List your goals, whether they are educational or career ones. Start with current goals. For example, why you want to enter the particular college and study the chosen field, and what your reasons to seek financial assistance are. Then proceed with more distant goals, like skills you are willing to obtain and how you want to use them to help the community. Conclusion When the body sections are ready, you need to summarize all of your ideas and once again explain why you want to get a grant and why you worth it. An Outstanding Introduction for Your Scholarship Essay The most important feature of creating a great scholarship essay is working hard on its introduction. Actually, it is the basic tool to catch and hold attention of the audience, so you need to work on the first paragraph really hard to impress the admission committee. Take a pen before typing an essay on your computer and write down all the information you find useful within your research. This stage can include reading examples of scholarship essays, watching related movies or reading books. Organize ideas in terms of their importance and relevance. A good idea is to start your introduction with a simple narration, conveying even the smallest details. For example, you can give a brief description of the best Thanksgiving with your family. Don’t include a quote, because it is too trivial. Here are some winning ideas for your hook sentence: A rhetorical question; Metaphor, simile or allegory; Fact; Statistics; Anecdote or joke. Another way to impress the board is to start introduction with a problem, which is widely discussed in the society. Such problems may include environmental issues, gun control, elections and much more. If you are willing to become a journalist or a writer, your introduction should contain information on how your future field can deliver important messages to the society. Tell about the things you can contribute to the college and local community! 11 Simple Steps to Creating a Flawless Introduction When you apply for an educational institution, you always have to do massive work, from brainstorming to filling in tones of various papers. Below are 11 simple steps, which will help you create a great scholarship essay. Make a powerful introduction to grab attention of the audience. Your goal is to make them want to go on reading. Compare the following examples: Interest in reading and completing college assignments is important for every student; In March 2014 I made the biggest mistake in my life. Do you see the difference? While the first example is very impersonal and boring, the second makes the reader want to know more about the matter; If you are planning to enter several colleges, you don’t have to write different essays. Use the same one in different ways; Make sure you are interested in the topic, because it is impossible to deliver a great scholarship essay if you don’t like the subject; Think about your audience to decide what topic may be interesting and appealing; Your goal is to stand out from thousands of other works, so don’t be traditional or trivial. Remain creative and follow your own style to grab reader’s attention; Follow every instruction. If you doubt, read guidelines again and again until you understand them properly; Focus on the matter without adding any unnecessary details; Always add a thesis statement to your introduction; Once your scholarship essay is ready, check whether it has any spelling, grammar or punctuation mistakes. If you doubt, ask your friend or teacher for help. There are also multiple editing services available, which check texts for any mistakes; Plan your work well in advance. If you want to create a great essay, you shouldn’t be in a hurry; Avoid plagiarism. In case you want to copy information from books or websites, don’t forget to mention the source. How a Great Scholarship Essay Conclusion Should Look Like Many students think that conclusion is nothing but a summary of the whole work. However, it is also a chance to leave a positive impression and make the reader remember you. Your conclusion should explain the board why you are a good candidate for obtaining a scholarship, so you don’t have the right for mistakes. Instead of copying your thesis, try to rewrite it in new and catchy words. Here are some examples, which may boost your imagination: ‘Hey, mom,’ I said,’ I am not coming back! I have found my place in the world and will stay in Rome to start writing. I am sorry if this decision hurts you but it’s my life.’ ‘I entered the new office with confidence and tranquility.’ The road was twisting and turning, showing me all the amazing colors of a warm Texas morning, proving that nature is alive.’ The best way to remain logical in your conclusion is to close the circle. This means if you started an essay with a specific topic, you should return to that question and answer it in your conclusion. Now, when you know how to start and finish your scholarship essay, the only thing left is to get ready and decide what topic to choose! Top 10 Ideas to Dwell on in a Great Scholarship Essay You won’t be able to find a list of scholarship essay topics, because you can talk about literally anything depending on your goal, personality and educational institution you are willing to enter. The best way to succeed is to choose a topic based on your skills, experience and motivation. However, we have made a list of possible questions that may help if you have no ideas. Tell the story of your family to emphasize the importance of higher education within generations; The ways you got used to overcoming challenges, failures and mistakes; Things you like and why. These may be hobbies, movies, books, celebrities, etc.; How a certain event from the past inspired you to get education? What can be changed in your local community? Plans and goals for the future, which explain why you need support with covering the tuition fee; Current situation, which influences your personality; Personal financial needs; What affects who you are; Achievements you are proud of. Get Professional Help When you have completed your scholarship essay, it is the right time to read it carefully, revise the draft and eliminate all sorts of mistakes. But what if the deadline is approaching and you still don’t have a ready scholarship essay? If you want to simplify the process and make sure your essay is ready on time, the best advice will be to order it from professional writing services online. In such a way you will receive a great paper, which will impress the board and will make you much closer to the scholarship you are dreaming of! Unfortunately, not many people find writing simple. If you spend hours sitting in front of a blank sheet of paper and thinking whether there is someone to do your work for you, you surely need assistance! No need to ask other students for help or drive to a distant office of a writing service: just turn on your PC and place an order any time and any place you are. Professional writers know how to create an outstanding scholarship essay, a research paper or any other type of assignment. A quality and reputable writing company, such as Tutoriage, hires only professional tutors and writers, which means your scholarship essay will be flawless and all of your guidelines will be followed. Do you lack time for a scholarship essay? Do you want to make sure your work has no mistakes? Do you think that your writing skills are not enough to express your ideas perfectly? If any of such questions arise, don’t hesitate to contact our specialists and we will complete your scholarship essay in a blink of an eye!

Grumman F9F Panther in the Korean War

Grumman F9F Panther in the Korean War Having had success in building fighters for the US Navy during World War II with models such as the F4F Wildcat, F6F Hellcat, and F8F Bearcat, Grumman began work on its first jet aircraft in 1946. Responding to a request for a jet-powered night fighter, Grummans first effort, dubbed G-75, intended to utilize four Westinghouse J30 jet engines mounted in the wings. The large number of engines was necessary as the output of early turbojets was low. As the design progressed, advances in technology saw the number of engines reduced to two. Designated XF9F-1, the night fighter design lost a competition to the Douglas XF3D-1 Skyknight. As a precaution, the US Navy ordered two prototypes of the Grumman entry on April 11, 1946. Recognizing that the XF9F-1 had key flaws, such as a lack of space for fuel, Grumman commenced evolving the design into a new aircraft. This saw the crew reduced from two to one and the elimination of night-fighting equipment. The new design, the G-79, moved forward as a single-engine, single-seat day fighter. The concept impressed the US Navy which amended the G-75 contract to include three G-79 prototypes. Development Assigned the designation XF9F-2, the US Navy requested that two of the prototypes be powered by the Rolls-Royce Nene centrifugal-flow turbojet engine. During this time, work was moving forward to allow Pratt Whitney to build the Nene under license as the J42. As this had not been completed, the US Navy asked that the third prototype be powered by a General Electric/Allison J33. The XF9F-2 first flew on November 21, 1947 with Grumman test pilot Corwin Corky Meyer at the controls and was powered by one of the Rolls-Royce engines. The XF9F-2 possessed a mid-mounted straight-wing with leading edge and trailing edge flats. Intakes for the engine were triangular in shape and situated in wing root. The elevators were mounted high on the tail. For landing, the aircraft utilized a tricycle landing gear arrangement and a stinger retractable arresting hook. Performing well in testing, it proved capable of 573 mph at 20,000 feet. As trials moved forward, it was found that the aircraft still lacked the necessary fuel storage. To combat this issue, permanently mounted wingtip fuel tanks were mounted to the XF9F-2 in 1948. The new aircraft was named Panther and mounted a base armament of four 20mm cannon which were aimed using a Mark 8 computing optical gunsight. In addition to the guns, the aircraft was capable of carrying a mix of bombs, rockets, and fuel tanks under its wings. In total, the Panther could mount 2,000 pounds of ordnance or fuel externally, though the due to a lack of power from the J42, F9Fs seldom launched with a full load. Production: Entering service in May 1949 with VF-51, the F9F Panther passed its carrier qualifications later that year. While the first two variants of the aircraft, the F9F-2 and F9F-3, differed only in their power plants (J42 vs. J33), the F9F-4 saw the fuselage lengthened, tail enlarged, and the inclusion of the Allison J33 engine. This was later superseded by the F9F-5 which used the same airframe but incorporated a license-built version of the Rolls-Royce RB.44 Tay (Pratt Whitney J48). While the F9F-2 and F9F-5 became the main production models of the Panther, reconnaissance variants (F9F-2P and F9F-5P) were also constructed. Early in the Panthers development, concern arose regarding the aircrafts speed. As a result, a swept-wing version of the aircraft was also designed. Following early engagements with the MiG-15 during the Korean War, work was accelerated and the F9F Cougar produced. First flying in September 1951, the US Navy viewed the Cougar as a derivative of the Panther hence its designation as F9F-6. Despite the accelerated development timeline, F9F-6s did not see combat in Korea. Specifications (F9F-2 Panther): General Length: 37 ft. 5 in.Wingspan: 38 ft.Height: 11 ft. 4 in.Wing Area: 250 ft ²Empty Weight: 9,303 lbs.Loaded Weight: 14,235 lbs.Crew: 1 Performance Power Plant: 2 Ãâ€" Pratt Whitney J42-P-6/P-8 turbojetCombat Radius: 1,300 milesMax. Speed: 575 mphCeiling: 44,600 ft. Armament 4 Ãâ€" 20 mm M2 cannon6 Ãâ€" 5 in. rockets on underwing hardpoints or 2,000 lbs. of bomb Operational History: Joining the fleet in 1949, the F9F Panther was the US Navys first jet fighter. With the US entry into the Korean War in 1950, the aircraft immediately saw combat over the peninsula. On July 3, a Panther from USS Valley Forge (CV-45) flown by Ensign E.W. Brown scored the aircrafts first kill when he downed a Yakovlev Yak-9 near Pyongyang, North Korea. That fall, Chinese MiG-15s entered the conflict. The fast, swept-wing fighter out-classed the US Air Forces F-80 Shooting Stars as well as older piston-engine aircraft such as the F-82 Twin Mustang. Though slower than the MiG-15, US Navy and Marine Corps Panthers proved capable of combating the enemy fighter. On November 9, Lieutenant Commander William Amen of VF-111 downed a MiG-15 for the US Navys first jet fighter kill. Due to the MiGs superiority, the Panther was forced to hold the line for part of the fall until the USAF could rush three squadrons of the new North American F-86 Sabre to Korea. During this time, the Panther was in such demand that the  Navy Flight Demonstration Team (The Blue Angels) was forced to turn over its F9Fs for use in combat. As the Sabre increasingly took over the air superiority role, the Panther began to see extensive use as a ground attack aircraft due to its versatility and hefty payload. Famous pilots of the aircraft included future astronaut John Glenn and Hall of Famer Ted Williams who flew as wingmen in VMF-311. The F9F Panther remained the US Navy and Marine Corps primary aircraft for the duration of the fighting in Korea. As jet technology rapidly advanced, the F9F Panther began to be replaced in American squadrons in the mid-1950s. While the type was withdrawn from frontline service by the US Navy in 1956, it remained active with the Marine Corps until the following year. Though used by reserve formations for several years, the Panther also found use as a drone and drone tug into the 1960s. In 1958, the United States sold several F9Fs to Argentina for use aboard their carrier ARA Independencia (V-1). These remained active until 1969. A successful aircraft for Grumman, the F9F Panther was the first of several jets the company provided for the US Navy, with the most famous being the F-14 Tomcat.

Thins Fall Apart Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Thins Fall Apart - Essay Example The level of detachment achieved by the author in describing the life before colonialism is commendable. The theme of the book and the author’s attitude towards the theme both evoke curiosity. Without giving too much room for sentimentalism, he details the state of affairs in the country, and is not interested in creating a rosy picture out of love for his country. He states the facts, and describes the shortcomings of his people, mentions about fierce tribal wars, day to day violence and the resultant suffering. He also mentions that the uniting factor amongst the people is social coherence, deep-rooted faith in ritualism and extraordinary traditions, the importance of which is difficult to quantify but highly respected and followed by the people. What is the importance of the customs and traditions of Igbo society and how they are reflected in the day to day life and dispositions of the Nigerian tribal community? The importance of various segments of culture has a deep impac t on the Nigerian society and their inner world responds to its richness and beauty. Referring to the role of music Chinua Achebe(1994, p.4) writes, â€Å"The total effect was gay and brisk, but if one picked out the flute as it went up and down and then broke up into short snatches, one saw that there was sorrow and grief there.†Through this observation, the author states in his own style and reveal about the societal conditions and its impact on the common man, meaningfully. How the traditional families functioned—study Okonkwo’s life for example! He was a self-made man, but he was unhappy affected much by the poor image his father had in the Igbo society. He tried to overcome that inferiority complex with great efforts, achieved matchless prosperity, and enjoyed great reputation in the village. His physical assets added to his popularity and the awe and esteem in which the people held him. About his physical prowess the author( p.3) writes, â€Å"â€Å"It w as this man Okonkwo threw in a fight which the old men agreed was one of the fiercest since the founder of their town engaged a spirit of the wild for seven days and seven nights.† His anger seized his personality and he lost control over his normal speech and donned a violent mood. The role of the superstitions in the life of people touched great heights. Whether the personal traits dominated the superstitions, or the superstitions contributed to the formation of the personal traits was a difficult question to answer. Both co-existed and exerted mutual influence. As for Okonkwo, it was rooted in his ancestry. The author observes that he suffered from a sort of inferiority complex, about resemblance to his father, which he thought was a sign of backwardness. Each section of the society, men women and children had some superstition or the other to hang on, and their origin was difficult to trace. The basis of their continuance was faith, with no convincing logical explanations. The author cites one such example, amongst the womenfolk. Worshipping the trees was common with them and they believed that the tree was the abode of good children waiting to be born and they sat under the shades of the trees. Colonialism impacted the cultural traditions of Igbo tribe in a big way and it was a well-planned

Nus 170 assignment 1 zhong Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Nus 170 1 zhong - Assignment Example Jack does not consume any whole grains contrary to the requirements of the dietary table at > 5 OZ while he is over consuming on refined grains at 8 OZ. On vegetables, jack doesn’t consume any contrary to the dietary requirements of 3.5 cups while he consumes  ¼ cup dairy which is below the bar set by the dietary table of 3 cups. Fruit consumption is insignificant as he does not consume any in contrary to dietary requirements of 2  ½ cups. Generally, jack’s consumption does not conform to the dietary table requirements as most food groups are under consumed as compared to is required to be consumed. Jack under consumes 73.63% of all the foods groups. He is not keen in keeping the dietary requirements and this is hazardous to the body health. He efficiently utilizes 21.05% of the food groups while he over utilizes 5.32% of the food groups. It is alarming in the case that jack does not put into consideration health issues arising from food consumption as the report shows some instances where food group consumption is close to zero and indication of not taking serious his set targets. (5pts) Jack has been experiencing symptoms of GERD lately. He would like to try some dietary solutions. In addition to the above, using your textbook as a reference, write a brief dietary recommendation for Jack that may alleviate his GERD symptoms. Use your textbook for guidance, write at least 200 words and be specific. Gastro esophageal reflux disease is as a result of a defect in the relaxation of lower esophageal sphincter that allows contents of the stomach to jump back to the lining of the esophagus that is unprotected. This is brought about by the consumption of oily and spicy foods, onions, chocolate, caffeine and carbonated beverages. Jack should opt to taking tea instead of coffee to reduce the caffeine content in the body and at the same time avoid carbonated beverages