Tolerance Analysis free essay sample

An engineering design must perform properly in spite of dimensional variation. To achieve this, engineering design requirements must be expressed as assembly tolerance limits. The designer must assign limits to the gaps, clearances and overall dimensions of an assembly which are critical to performance. Assembly tolerance limits are applied to the statistical distribution of the assembly variations predicted by tolerance analysis to estimate the number of assemblies which will be within the specifications. Designers need to control more than just gaps and clearances in assemblies. Orientation and position of features may also be important to performance. To be a comprehensive design tool, a tolerance analysis system must provide a set of assembly tolerance specifications which covers a wide range of common design requirements. In the component tolerance specification shown, the parallelism tolerance zone is defined as parallel to datum A, a reference surface on the same part. By contrast, the assembly parallelism tolerance defines a tolerance zone on one part in the assembly which is parallel to a datum on another part. We will write a custom essay sample on Tolerance Analysis or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In order to distinguish an assembly tolerance specification from a component specification, new symbols have been proposed. The feature control block and the assembly datum have been enclosed in double boxes. Fig. 9 Comparison of component and assembly tolerance specifications. The ability to model a system is a fundamental skill for effective engineering design or manufacturing systems analysis. Unfortunately, few engineers know how to construct variational models of assemblies beyond a 1-D stack. This is primarily because the methods have not been established. There is little treatment of assembly modeling for tolerance analysis in engineering schools or texts. Until engineers learn how to model, tolerance analysis will never become widely used as have other CAD/CAE tools. A consistent set of modeling procedures, with some guiding rules for creating vector assembly models, allows for a systematic approach which can be applied to virtually any assembly. The steps in creating a model are: 1. Identify the assembly features critical to the assembly. Locate and orient each feature and specify the assembly tolerances. 2. Locate a datum reference frame (DRF) for each part. All model features will be located relative to the DRFs. 3. Place kinematic joints at the points of contact between each pair of mating parts. Define the joint type and orient the joint axes. These are the assembly constraints. 4. Create vector paths from the DRF on each part to each joint on the part. The paths, called datum paths, must follow feature dimensions until arriving at the joint. Thus, each joint may be located relative to the DRF by controlled engineering dimensions. 5. Define the closed vector loops which hold the assembly together. A vector loop must enter a part through a joint and leave through another joint, passing through the DRF along the way. Thus, the vector path across a part follows the datum path from the incoming joint to the DRF and follows another datum path from the DRF to the outgoing joint. 6. Define open vector loops to describe each assembly tolerance specification. For example, for an assembly gap, the loop would start on one side of the gap, pass through the assembly, and end at the other side of the gap. 7 . Add geometric variations at each joint. Define the width of the tolerance zone and length of contact between the mating parts as required. The nature of the variation and direction is determined by the joint type and joint axes. Other variations, such as position, may be added at other feature locations. Modeling rules are needed to ensure the creation of valid loops, a sufficient number of loops, correct datum paths, etc. For example, an important set of rules defines the path a vector loop must take to cross a joint. Each joint introduces kinematic variables into the assembly which must be included in the vector model.

Learn to Write a Scholarship Essay Not Risking Your Future

Learn to Write a Scholarship Essay Not Risking Your Future How to Write a Remarkable and Outstanding Scholarship Essay Scholarship essay is far more challenging than a book review or a lab report, so it requires much devotion and efforts. If you want to enter a college of your dreams, to get a scholarship or become a part of an international program, you will surely find our article useful! Continue reading and you will learn scholarship essays classification, its main features and all the underwater stones you may face. In case you are in a hurry and have no time for reading, just place an order and our professional writers will write an essay for you! The Best Tips for Writing a Great Scholarship Essay If you want to get the highest chances, the first and the most important advice is to follow every instruction the admission committee has. Keep in mind even the slightest details, such as number of words and required formatting style. Every part of these instructions matters and influences your final score greatly. Our expert writers recommend reading guidelines as many times as necessary not to miss a single detail out! For most of the academic assignments, placing a quote in the beginning can be a good start. However, it is completely different from a scholarship essay, because the admission officer wants to learn more about your own personality and words. Always pay attention to the structure of your sentences. Don’t be Captain Obvious but still remain brief and stick to the main point. Outline of a Scholarship Essay As with any other written assignment, knowing how to structure a paper can be half of success. We offer you a great outline for almost any type of scholarship essay. Use it for your own paper and you will see how much easier the process will become! Introduction In this section you should tell who you are, what your values are, tell something about your country of origin, parents and so on. You can also explain a major challenge you had to face and how you overcame it, becoming stronger and wiser. List your goals, whether they are educational or career ones. Start with current goals. For example, why you want to enter the particular college and study the chosen field, and what your reasons to seek financial assistance are. Then proceed with more distant goals, like skills you are willing to obtain and how you want to use them to help the community. Conclusion When the body sections are ready, you need to summarize all of your ideas and once again explain why you want to get a grant and why you worth it. An Outstanding Introduction for Your Scholarship Essay The most important feature of creating a great scholarship essay is working hard on its introduction. Actually, it is the basic tool to catch and hold attention of the audience, so you need to work on the first paragraph really hard to impress the admission committee. Take a pen before typing an essay on your computer and write down all the information you find useful within your research. This stage can include reading examples of scholarship essays, watching related movies or reading books. Organize ideas in terms of their importance and relevance. A good idea is to start your introduction with a simple narration, conveying even the smallest details. For example, you can give a brief description of the best Thanksgiving with your family. Don’t include a quote, because it is too trivial. Here are some winning ideas for your hook sentence: A rhetorical question; Metaphor, simile or allegory; Fact; Statistics; Anecdote or joke. Another way to impress the board is to start introduction with a problem, which is widely discussed in the society. Such problems may include environmental issues, gun control, elections and much more. If you are willing to become a journalist or a writer, your introduction should contain information on how your future field can deliver important messages to the society. Tell about the things you can contribute to the college and local community! 11 Simple Steps to Creating a Flawless Introduction When you apply for an educational institution, you always have to do massive work, from brainstorming to filling in tones of various papers. Below are 11 simple steps, which will help you create a great scholarship essay. Make a powerful introduction to grab attention of the audience. Your goal is to make them want to go on reading. Compare the following examples: Interest in reading and completing college assignments is important for every student; In March 2014 I made the biggest mistake in my life. Do you see the difference? While the first example is very impersonal and boring, the second makes the reader want to know more about the matter; If you are planning to enter several colleges, you don’t have to write different essays. Use the same one in different ways; Make sure you are interested in the topic, because it is impossible to deliver a great scholarship essay if you don’t like the subject; Think about your audience to decide what topic may be interesting and appealing; Your goal is to stand out from thousands of other works, so don’t be traditional or trivial. Remain creative and follow your own style to grab reader’s attention; Follow every instruction. If you doubt, read guidelines again and again until you understand them properly; Focus on the matter without adding any unnecessary details; Always add a thesis statement to your introduction; Once your scholarship essay is ready, check whether it has any spelling, grammar or punctuation mistakes. If you doubt, ask your friend or teacher for help. There are also multiple editing services available, which check texts for any mistakes; Plan your work well in advance. If you want to create a great essay, you shouldn’t be in a hurry; Avoid plagiarism. In case you want to copy information from books or websites, don’t forget to mention the source. How a Great Scholarship Essay Conclusion Should Look Like Many students think that conclusion is nothing but a summary of the whole work. However, it is also a chance to leave a positive impression and make the reader remember you. Your conclusion should explain the board why you are a good candidate for obtaining a scholarship, so you don’t have the right for mistakes. Instead of copying your thesis, try to rewrite it in new and catchy words. Here are some examples, which may boost your imagination: ‘Hey, mom,’ I said,’ I am not coming back! I have found my place in the world and will stay in Rome to start writing. I am sorry if this decision hurts you but it’s my life.’ ‘I entered the new office with confidence and tranquility.’ The road was twisting and turning, showing me all the amazing colors of a warm Texas morning, proving that nature is alive.’ The best way to remain logical in your conclusion is to close the circle. This means if you started an essay with a specific topic, you should return to that question and answer it in your conclusion. Now, when you know how to start and finish your scholarship essay, the only thing left is to get ready and decide what topic to choose! Top 10 Ideas to Dwell on in a Great Scholarship Essay You won’t be able to find a list of scholarship essay topics, because you can talk about literally anything depending on your goal, personality and educational institution you are willing to enter. The best way to succeed is to choose a topic based on your skills, experience and motivation. However, we have made a list of possible questions that may help if you have no ideas. Tell the story of your family to emphasize the importance of higher education within generations; The ways you got used to overcoming challenges, failures and mistakes; Things you like and why. These may be hobbies, movies, books, celebrities, etc.; How a certain event from the past inspired you to get education? What can be changed in your local community? Plans and goals for the future, which explain why you need support with covering the tuition fee; Current situation, which influences your personality; Personal financial needs; What affects who you are; Achievements you are proud of. Get Professional Help When you have completed your scholarship essay, it is the right time to read it carefully, revise the draft and eliminate all sorts of mistakes. But what if the deadline is approaching and you still don’t have a ready scholarship essay? If you want to simplify the process and make sure your essay is ready on time, the best advice will be to order it from professional writing services online. In such a way you will receive a great paper, which will impress the board and will make you much closer to the scholarship you are dreaming of! Unfortunately, not many people find writing simple. If you spend hours sitting in front of a blank sheet of paper and thinking whether there is someone to do your work for you, you surely need assistance! No need to ask other students for help or drive to a distant office of a writing service: just turn on your PC and place an order any time and any place you are. Professional writers know how to create an outstanding scholarship essay, a research paper or any other type of assignment. A quality and reputable writing company, such as Tutoriage, hires only professional tutors and writers, which means your scholarship essay will be flawless and all of your guidelines will be followed. Do you lack time for a scholarship essay? Do you want to make sure your work has no mistakes? Do you think that your writing skills are not enough to express your ideas perfectly? If any of such questions arise, don’t hesitate to contact our specialists and we will complete your scholarship essay in a blink of an eye!

Grumman F9F Panther in the Korean War

Grumman F9F Panther in the Korean War Having had success in building fighters for the US Navy during World War II with models such as the F4F Wildcat, F6F Hellcat, and F8F Bearcat, Grumman began work on its first jet aircraft in 1946. Responding to a request for a jet-powered night fighter, Grummans first effort, dubbed G-75, intended to utilize four Westinghouse J30 jet engines mounted in the wings. The large number of engines was necessary as the output of early turbojets was low. As the design progressed, advances in technology saw the number of engines reduced to two. Designated XF9F-1, the night fighter design lost a competition to the Douglas XF3D-1 Skyknight. As a precaution, the US Navy ordered two prototypes of the Grumman entry on April 11, 1946. Recognizing that the XF9F-1 had key flaws, such as a lack of space for fuel, Grumman commenced evolving the design into a new aircraft. This saw the crew reduced from two to one and the elimination of night-fighting equipment. The new design, the G-79, moved forward as a single-engine, single-seat day fighter. The concept impressed the US Navy which amended the G-75 contract to include three G-79 prototypes. Development Assigned the designation XF9F-2, the US Navy requested that two of the prototypes be powered by the Rolls-Royce Nene centrifugal-flow turbojet engine. During this time, work was moving forward to allow Pratt Whitney to build the Nene under license as the J42. As this had not been completed, the US Navy asked that the third prototype be powered by a General Electric/Allison J33. The XF9F-2 first flew on November 21, 1947 with Grumman test pilot Corwin Corky Meyer at the controls and was powered by one of the Rolls-Royce engines. The XF9F-2 possessed a mid-mounted straight-wing with leading edge and trailing edge flats. Intakes for the engine were triangular in shape and situated in wing root. The elevators were mounted high on the tail. For landing, the aircraft utilized a tricycle landing gear arrangement and a stinger retractable arresting hook. Performing well in testing, it proved capable of 573 mph at 20,000 feet. As trials moved forward, it was found that the aircraft still lacked the necessary fuel storage. To combat this issue, permanently mounted wingtip fuel tanks were mounted to the XF9F-2 in 1948. The new aircraft was named Panther and mounted a base armament of four 20mm cannon which were aimed using a Mark 8 computing optical gunsight. In addition to the guns, the aircraft was capable of carrying a mix of bombs, rockets, and fuel tanks under its wings. In total, the Panther could mount 2,000 pounds of ordnance or fuel externally, though the due to a lack of power from the J42, F9Fs seldom launched with a full load. Production: Entering service in May 1949 with VF-51, the F9F Panther passed its carrier qualifications later that year. While the first two variants of the aircraft, the F9F-2 and F9F-3, differed only in their power plants (J42 vs. J33), the F9F-4 saw the fuselage lengthened, tail enlarged, and the inclusion of the Allison J33 engine. This was later superseded by the F9F-5 which used the same airframe but incorporated a license-built version of the Rolls-Royce RB.44 Tay (Pratt Whitney J48). While the F9F-2 and F9F-5 became the main production models of the Panther, reconnaissance variants (F9F-2P and F9F-5P) were also constructed. Early in the Panthers development, concern arose regarding the aircrafts speed. As a result, a swept-wing version of the aircraft was also designed. Following early engagements with the MiG-15 during the Korean War, work was accelerated and the F9F Cougar produced. First flying in September 1951, the US Navy viewed the Cougar as a derivative of the Panther hence its designation as F9F-6. Despite the accelerated development timeline, F9F-6s did not see combat in Korea. Specifications (F9F-2 Panther): General Length: 37 ft. 5 in.Wingspan: 38 ft.Height: 11 ft. 4 in.Wing Area: 250 ft ²Empty Weight: 9,303 lbs.Loaded Weight: 14,235 lbs.Crew: 1 Performance Power Plant: 2 Ãâ€" Pratt Whitney J42-P-6/P-8 turbojetCombat Radius: 1,300 milesMax. Speed: 575 mphCeiling: 44,600 ft. Armament 4 Ãâ€" 20 mm M2 cannon6 Ãâ€" 5 in. rockets on underwing hardpoints or 2,000 lbs. of bomb Operational History: Joining the fleet in 1949, the F9F Panther was the US Navys first jet fighter. With the US entry into the Korean War in 1950, the aircraft immediately saw combat over the peninsula. On July 3, a Panther from USS Valley Forge (CV-45) flown by Ensign E.W. Brown scored the aircrafts first kill when he downed a Yakovlev Yak-9 near Pyongyang, North Korea. That fall, Chinese MiG-15s entered the conflict. The fast, swept-wing fighter out-classed the US Air Forces F-80 Shooting Stars as well as older piston-engine aircraft such as the F-82 Twin Mustang. Though slower than the MiG-15, US Navy and Marine Corps Panthers proved capable of combating the enemy fighter. On November 9, Lieutenant Commander William Amen of VF-111 downed a MiG-15 for the US Navys first jet fighter kill. Due to the MiGs superiority, the Panther was forced to hold the line for part of the fall until the USAF could rush three squadrons of the new North American F-86 Sabre to Korea. During this time, the Panther was in such demand that the  Navy Flight Demonstration Team (The Blue Angels) was forced to turn over its F9Fs for use in combat. As the Sabre increasingly took over the air superiority role, the Panther began to see extensive use as a ground attack aircraft due to its versatility and hefty payload. Famous pilots of the aircraft included future astronaut John Glenn and Hall of Famer Ted Williams who flew as wingmen in VMF-311. The F9F Panther remained the US Navy and Marine Corps primary aircraft for the duration of the fighting in Korea. As jet technology rapidly advanced, the F9F Panther began to be replaced in American squadrons in the mid-1950s. While the type was withdrawn from frontline service by the US Navy in 1956, it remained active with the Marine Corps until the following year. Though used by reserve formations for several years, the Panther also found use as a drone and drone tug into the 1960s. In 1958, the United States sold several F9Fs to Argentina for use aboard their carrier ARA Independencia (V-1). These remained active until 1969. A successful aircraft for Grumman, the F9F Panther was the first of several jets the company provided for the US Navy, with the most famous being the F-14 Tomcat.

Thins Fall Apart Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Thins Fall Apart - Essay Example The level of detachment achieved by the author in describing the life before colonialism is commendable. The theme of the book and the author’s attitude towards the theme both evoke curiosity. Without giving too much room for sentimentalism, he details the state of affairs in the country, and is not interested in creating a rosy picture out of love for his country. He states the facts, and describes the shortcomings of his people, mentions about fierce tribal wars, day to day violence and the resultant suffering. He also mentions that the uniting factor amongst the people is social coherence, deep-rooted faith in ritualism and extraordinary traditions, the importance of which is difficult to quantify but highly respected and followed by the people. What is the importance of the customs and traditions of Igbo society and how they are reflected in the day to day life and dispositions of the Nigerian tribal community? The importance of various segments of culture has a deep impac t on the Nigerian society and their inner world responds to its richness and beauty. Referring to the role of music Chinua Achebe(1994, p.4) writes, â€Å"The total effect was gay and brisk, but if one picked out the flute as it went up and down and then broke up into short snatches, one saw that there was sorrow and grief there.†Through this observation, the author states in his own style and reveal about the societal conditions and its impact on the common man, meaningfully. How the traditional families functioned—study Okonkwo’s life for example! He was a self-made man, but he was unhappy affected much by the poor image his father had in the Igbo society. He tried to overcome that inferiority complex with great efforts, achieved matchless prosperity, and enjoyed great reputation in the village. His physical assets added to his popularity and the awe and esteem in which the people held him. About his physical prowess the author( p.3) writes, â€Å"â€Å"It w as this man Okonkwo threw in a fight which the old men agreed was one of the fiercest since the founder of their town engaged a spirit of the wild for seven days and seven nights.† His anger seized his personality and he lost control over his normal speech and donned a violent mood. The role of the superstitions in the life of people touched great heights. Whether the personal traits dominated the superstitions, or the superstitions contributed to the formation of the personal traits was a difficult question to answer. Both co-existed and exerted mutual influence. As for Okonkwo, it was rooted in his ancestry. The author observes that he suffered from a sort of inferiority complex, about resemblance to his father, which he thought was a sign of backwardness. Each section of the society, men women and children had some superstition or the other to hang on, and their origin was difficult to trace. The basis of their continuance was faith, with no convincing logical explanations. The author cites one such example, amongst the womenfolk. Worshipping the trees was common with them and they believed that the tree was the abode of good children waiting to be born and they sat under the shades of the trees. Colonialism impacted the cultural traditions of Igbo tribe in a big way and it was a well-planned

Nus 170 assignment 1 zhong Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Nus 170 1 zhong - Assignment Example Jack does not consume any whole grains contrary to the requirements of the dietary table at > 5 OZ while he is over consuming on refined grains at 8 OZ. On vegetables, jack doesn’t consume any contrary to the dietary requirements of 3.5 cups while he consumes  ¼ cup dairy which is below the bar set by the dietary table of 3 cups. Fruit consumption is insignificant as he does not consume any in contrary to dietary requirements of 2  ½ cups. Generally, jack’s consumption does not conform to the dietary table requirements as most food groups are under consumed as compared to is required to be consumed. Jack under consumes 73.63% of all the foods groups. He is not keen in keeping the dietary requirements and this is hazardous to the body health. He efficiently utilizes 21.05% of the food groups while he over utilizes 5.32% of the food groups. It is alarming in the case that jack does not put into consideration health issues arising from food consumption as the report shows some instances where food group consumption is close to zero and indication of not taking serious his set targets. (5pts) Jack has been experiencing symptoms of GERD lately. He would like to try some dietary solutions. In addition to the above, using your textbook as a reference, write a brief dietary recommendation for Jack that may alleviate his GERD symptoms. Use your textbook for guidance, write at least 200 words and be specific. Gastro esophageal reflux disease is as a result of a defect in the relaxation of lower esophageal sphincter that allows contents of the stomach to jump back to the lining of the esophagus that is unprotected. This is brought about by the consumption of oily and spicy foods, onions, chocolate, caffeine and carbonated beverages. Jack should opt to taking tea instead of coffee to reduce the caffeine content in the body and at the same time avoid carbonated beverages

Largest shoe manufacturer

Largest shoe manufacturer Q1. a) The reasons that prompted Nike to change its approach to demand forecasting: Nikes growth from being the 12th largest shoe manufacturer in 1984 to the world leader in the footwear industry by mid 1990s increased the intricacy of its manufacturing schedules. The demand forecasting adopted by Nike prior to considering the new approach saw the retailers placing an order six months ahead of the delivery. Due to the six months lag in delivery Nike could not forecast whether the ordered shoes would be in demand after six months once they reach the store shelves[1]. The existing forecasting technique failed in identifying the quantity of order to be placed with such a long lead time. And had to depend solely on their brand name and hoped that the product would sell. The expanding market demanded a faster delivery, thus pressurizing Nike to shorten the lead time from the standard shipping time of six months. The 27 order management systems that formed Nikes supply chain crumbled under pressure to develop accurate demand forecasts, these factors lead Nike to implement a new demand forecasting. b) Outcomes of the new demand forecasting system. The vigorous demands indirectly affected the new demand forecasting system, resulting in excess manufacturing of some products while developing inventory shortages for others as they struggled to cope up with the customer demands. Nike ended up ordering US $90 million worth of shoes which were in low demand like Air Garnett II, also a shortfall of US$80 million to US$100 million on popular models, like Air Force One. Nike filled the back orders that were to be supplied and disposed of excessive inventory through discount sales and bargain basement prices through its outlet stores. This continued for about 6-9 months to neutralize the incorrect proportions in inventory and two years to overcome the financial losses. Nikes share prices dropped considerably due to the losses and faulty forecasts. Costing Nike more than US$100 million in lost sales, there by lowering its stock prices by 20% and also leading it to a series of legal battles. Q2. a) The reasons that resulted in such a huge gap between demand and supply at Nike: The implementation of i2 had adverse effects for Nike, since I2 were inexperienced in providing supply-chain systems for the footwear and apparel industry. Nikes higher demand data meant heavy customisation was done on i2 this clogged up the software thus by slowing it considerably to such an extent that a single screen would take 3 minutes to load[2]. Further analysts stated that Nike was installing SAP software to help take orders from customers and get those orders through manufacturing. This led to queuing which led to the complexity in matching up of information from SAP and i22. Thus Nike had erroneous orders being sent to the manufacturers and was unable to recover from the errors until it was too late. b) According to my opinion this situation could have been avoided: If Nike would have considered the facts of acquiring actual data from retailers like direct point-of-sale integration rather than software algorithms. By developing a better collaboration with the far east manufacturers to reduce the overall lead time there by converting the supply chain from make-to-sell to make-to-order. Nestlà © and Nike: How they almost failed by Gene LeshinskyFebruary 18th, 2008 Long Strange Trip: Nike Finally Regains Footing: By Larry Barrett

Final Project: Financial Analysis

Two of the major competing companies that manufacture drinks are Coca-Cola, and Pepsi. They both produce regular water, flavored water, and soft drinks of many kinds. While this essay will explain what vertical and horizontal analysis is, it will also explain each company’s vertical and horizontal analyses. Also the ratios for each company will be given, and several examples as to how each company can improve in their financial status. The financial analysis of both companies is very important so both businesses can understand how they are being managed.It is very important for a company to keep up to date financial documents, audits, taxes, and other financial statements. This is the information needed to show what a company is doing with their finances and what they have done in the past. This information is also very useful for management to use and know what to do differently in future months or years. Information like this allows a company to grow, and have healthy produc tion going forward. Having this data also helps management, investors, and creditors know if there are any issues that have come up in the past that need to be worked on.While in competition, these two companies have continued to grow in size, market value, and profit sales. Since the beginning of their competition, both companies have ventured into new areas of sales, (such as snack foods, iced tea, and bottled water) and they continue to think of new ways to grow their business yearly. In order for both companies to continue to grow in the ways they foresee, they must have investors to invest money in the company.These current and potential investors will first look at both company’s financial statements and data, find as much information as possible needed to make a decision, then make a judgment call as to which company is the best investment at the time. By competing for the number one position of drink provider, both companies have continued to grow and prosper by creat ing new beverages throughout the years. Since they both have the advantage of being known on a global scale, they have been rated number one and two for many years.They have modeled practices that one another have followed in order that they could overcome any obstacles to worldwide manufacture and distributions. (The Coca Cola Company, 2009). Although they are two different companies, they produce somewhat similar products, and their distribution techniques and services are very similar also. Both companies continue to use the â€Å"follow up strategy†, which was used to explain that when one of the companies launched a new product the other would very quickly come up with a similar product or service.Using this method one could see why these two companies easily pass all other companies in the competition. Even though both these companies are both growing rapidly and gaining huge profits yearly, they have also had to deal with global issues, politics, and precedents. They b oth have taken risks getting into business with markets where they didn’t necessarily belong and where the risk was far too great. So they had to back out of some markets because of several issues that arose from those ventures. They had to find who their target audience was and begin to produce products that were specifically made for that group of people.By making it appear as if they are following the highest moral and ethical practices, they create a product that is focused towards a specific population. Then, even though other companies cannot compete at the level that Pepsi and Coke can, they also try to use the same target influences in global markets. There are three tools of the financial statement analysis: Vertical, Horizontal, and Ratio Analysis. Each tool has a different function, but each helps to analyze important information and data that is in a financial statement.The Vertical Analysis, also called Common Size Analysis, is used to express data in a statement as a percent from the base amount. The base figure given represents the total assets of each company. The main starting point for the financial analysis is the total assets amount for each company. This becomes useful when a company wants to be able to see what percent of assets cash and other items represent. The Horizontal Analysis, also called Trend Analysis, is used to evaluate how a company performs within an accounting period to another accounting period.The change in percentages given can help a company to better see trends over a designated time frame. Lastly, Ratio Analysis is used to express a relationship among specific items on a financial statement. These relationships are give n in terms of a percent, or a rate. * To fully examine Pepsi I must look at the Consolidated Balance Sheet and take a look at the Current Assets, Current Liabilities, and Total Assets for years 2005 and 2004. After doing so I am able to calculate the Current Ratio for both years 2005, and 2004. The Current Ratio for 2005 is 10,454*/9,406*= 1. 11:1, and the Current Ratio for 2004 is 8,639*/6,752*= 1.28:1.To find the vertical analysis of both years I must first compute the current assets and divided them by the total assets for each year, I then get: 2005: 10,454*/31,727*= 0. 32949= 33%, and for 2004: 8,639*/27,987*= 0. 3867= 39%. Then for the horizontal analysis I got Assets: 31,727* – 27,987*27,987*= 0. 1336= 13. 3%, and for Liabilities: 17,476* – 14,464*14,464*= 0. 2082= 21%, which gives us the change in total assets. (Weygandt, Kimmel, & Kieso, 2008) After examining The Coca-Cola Company’s Consolidated Balance sheet and using the Financial Accounting worksheet I have found the Current Ratios for both years (2005, and 2004).The Current Ratio for 2005 is 10,250*/9,8368= 1. 04:1, and the Current Ratio for 2004 is 12,281*/11,133*= 1. 10:1. When we use the current assets and divide them by the total assets for each year we can find the vertical analysis f or both years: 2005: 10,250*/29,427*= 0. 3483= 35%, and 2004: 12,281*/31,441*= 0. 3906= 39. 1%. By computing the change in total assets by percentage we can find the horizontal analysis of both the assets and liabilities: Assets: 29,427 – 31,441*/31,441*= -0. 06405= -6. 4%, and Liabilities: 13,072* – 15,506*/15,506* = -. 1570 = -15. 7%.(Weygandt, Kimmel, & Kieso, 2008)The total assets that we previously stated above can be used with other items on the company’s balance sheet. For example, the cost of sales for Pepsi in 2004 was $12,674* which gives the ratio percentage of 45. 3% in their total assets. In 2005, the cost of sales for Pepsi was $14,167*, which gives the ratio percentage of 44. 7% in their total assets. For Coke their cost of sales in 2004 was $7,674*, which yields the ratio percentage of 24. 4% in their total assets, and in 2005 their cost of sales was $8,195*. This gives us the ratio percentage of 27.8% in their total assets.Over the two years (20 04 and 2005) Pepsi’s cost of sales sold differed by a small amount of . 5%, Coke on the other hand an increase of 3. 4% in the same two year time frame. When looking at this information an increase in items sold does not always reveal a positive analysis, because this figure does not go far enough into detail as to whether the increase given is a positive measure. Net income will be the next item to be discussed for the two companies. In 2004, Pepsi had a net income of $4,212*; this gives us a ratio percentage of 15.1% of their total assets. In 2005, Pepsi’s net income was $4,078*.This shows that the ratio percentage of 13. 2% is Pepsi’s total assets for 2004. So between 2004 and 2005 there is a decrease in their net income of 1. 9%. Coke had a net income of $4,847* in 2004, and a net income of $4,872* in 2005. This gives a ratio percentage of 15. 4% of their total assets in 2004, and a ratio percentage of 16. 6% in 2005. Coke unlike Pepsi has an increase of 1. 2% over these two years. Now we will discuss the current liabilities of each company for 2004 and 2005.In 2004 Pepsi’s current liabilities totaled $6,752*, which is the ratio which is the ratio percentage of 24. 1%. For 2005 their current liabilities was $9,406*, which gives the ratio percentage of 29. 9%. This shows that there was a 2% increase in Pepsi’s assets. When looking at Coke their current liabilities for 2004 were $11,133* this gives us the ratio percentage of 35. 4%, and for 2005 their current liabilities was $9,836*. This shows a ratio percentage of 33. 4%. This information reveals to us that there was a 1% decrease in Coke’s liabilities from 2004 and 2005.Looking at both companies total liabilities continues to tell us even more information about their financial status. In 2004 Pepsi’s total liability was $14,464*, which is a ratio percentage of 51. 7%. While their total liabilities in 2005 were $17,476*, so the ratio percentage is 55. 1%. Th is reveals their 3. 4% increase in their total liabilities for 2004 and 2005. Coke on the other hand had a 4. 9% decrease in total liabilities within these two years. Their total liabilities in 2004 were $15,506* with a ratio percentage 49. 3%, and for 2005 their total liabilities were $13,072* with a ratio percentage of 44.4%.After reviewing all the information for both Pepsi and Coke we can conclude that both companies experienced lower net profits for the year of 2005 then in 2004. I think that both companies should look into fixing their operation so that they can reduce this expense, once this is done they can increase their profit margins. This will help to get rid of reductions in their profits that have seemed to be nonstop. Since Pepsi had a 5. 8% increase in liabilities and they only had a 2% increase in their assets, the increase in debt did not help the company.Pepsi would better benefit if they looked into finding strategies that would help in the reduction of their tot al current liabilities. At this time they should also not take on any new debts, instead they should work harder at increasing their total current assets. Coke on the other hand decreased their total current assets by 4. 3% in these two years. I think that Coke would be better off if they looked into increasing their total current assets also. One way to do this would be to increase their net profits which would then affect their assets.Coca-Cola and Pepsi have been around for a very long time, and together both companies have helped to take the beverage industry to the next level. Both being global companies, and selling products in over 100 countries, and producing many products that appeal to all kinds of people, they have continued to grow. Taking a look at each company’s vertical and horizontal analysis we were able to see the financial status of both companies. Though both of these companies are profitable, the analysis showed in more detail how different these companie s were in 2004 and 2005.